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Published in Ken Addley, MCQs, MEQs and OSPEs in Occupational Medicine, 2023
The purpose of using a hand dynamometer is to measure the maximum isometric strength of the hand and forearm muscles. It can be adjusted for hand size and must be calibrated regularly for consistent results. Hand grip strength can be quantified by measuring the amount of static force that the hand can squeeze around a dynamometer. The force is commonly measured in kilograms and pounds, but also in millilitres of mercury and in Newtons.
Exercise testing in older adults
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Matt W. Hill, Michael J. Price
Maximal grip strength is widely used for the measurement of muscle strength and has been suggested as a biomarker of ageing (Sayer and Kirkwood, 2015). Low grip strength is consistently associated with poor outcomes, including care dependence, all-cause and disease-specific mortality, falls, fractures and hospitalisation. Variable procedures and cut-off points are evident for the older adult population, so we recommend that practitioners use a standardised measurement protocol (e.g., the Southampton protocol; Roberts et al., 2011). Briefly, a handgrip strength dynamometer is gripped with flexed fingers and base of the thumb with the participant seated, elbow at side and hand in a neutral position. Participants should be encouraged to squeeze as hard as possible for 3–5 s. The highest reading of three attempts is recorded.
Examination of the Ulnar Side of the Wrist
Published in J. Terrence Jose Jerome, Clinical Examination of the Hand, 2022
Samuel Cohen-Tanugi, R Glenn Gaston
Grip strength testing using a dynamometer can be useful for several reasons. First, grip strength ratios of the injured to non-injured side has been found to correlate with the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score while being quicker to perform and not relying on subjective questionnaires [10]. The normal ratio of dominant to non-dominant hands in healthy volunteers was found to be 0.97 [10]. Discrepancy beyond that should raise suspicion of injury. Grip strength testing has been proposed as a tool to gauge sincerity of effort, especially in instances in which disability may be tied to secondary gain. For instance, disability exaggeration has been reported to confound up to a third of workers' compensation cases [11]. However, while rapid exchange and five-station grip testing offer a thorough and systematic testing protocol, no study to date has been able to support the use of a grip-strength testing protocol to predict sincerity of effort [12].
Investigating the Effect of Leap Motion on Upper Extremity Rehabilitation in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2023
Mahla Daliri, Ali Moradi, Saeid Fatorehchy, Enayatollah Bakhshi, Ehsan Moradi, Sajad Sabbaghi
A hand dynamometer is a testing device that measures isometric grip force (hand grip strength). To measure grip strength, patients squeezed the dynamometer (Saehan, Korea) three times with their dominant hand, using all of their strength. In an effort to prevent posturing brought on by spasticity of forearm pronation and wrist flexion, the dynamometer was kept in an upright alignment in accordance with the testing standards.25 After that, using the measurements from both hands, an average score is calculated in kilograms. Using dynamometer for children (7–12 y) with spastic CP is determined to be reliable.26 The mean pre-intervention grip strength was 4.89 ± 2.7. Normal pediatric values are 12.19 and 11.44 kg for males and females, respectively, in the 6- to 7-year age group.27
Comparison of the effects of aerobic training alone versus aerobic training combined with clinical Pilates exercises on the functional and psychosocial status of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A randomized controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Back muscle strength was evaluated using a BACK-D Digital Back Muscle Dynamometer (Takei, Japan). The patients were asked to stand on the dynamometer with the knees and elbows extended, back straight, and trunk flexed at 90°. The patients held the handle and were asked to pull it by extending the trunk by via continuous maximal isometric contractions of the back extensors. We performed 3 measurements and recorded the best score. The dynamometer was reset after measurement, and the patients were allowed to rest for 30 seconds between each measurement. In addition, we evaluated the strength of the leg muscles using the same device with the knees slightly flexed, arms extended, back straight, and the body slightly tilted forward. The patients were asked to pull the dynamometer bar vertically as far as possible at the level of their pelvis using their leg muscles with their palms facing down. We performed 3 measurements, and the best score was recorded in kg. The dynamometer was reset after each measurement, and the patients were allowed to rest for 30 seconds between each measurement.
The Acute Effects of a Multi-Ingredient Herbal Supplement on Performance Fatigability: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Trial
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Eric D. Ryan, Gena R. Gerstner, Jacob A. Mota, Eric T. Trexler, Hayden K. Giuliani, Malia N. M. Blue, Katie R. Hirsch, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
The repeated isokinetic strength testing was performed on a calibrated isokinetic dynamometer (HUMAC Norm, Computer Sports Medicine Inc., Stoughton, MA). Participants were seated and restrained with straps over the shoulders, hips, and right thigh. The participants right knee joint was visually aligned with the input axis of the dynamometer prior to testing. A warm-up was then performed which included five submaximal concentric muscle actions, with the leg moving from 90° of flexion to full leg extension. Given full extension may differ slightly between participants, the range of motion achieved during visit two was kept constant for each participant for all the remaining testing days (i.e. visit 3 and 4). The testing protocol included five sets of 30 maximal and consecutive concentric leg extension muscle actions at 180°/sec, with the limb passively returned to the starting position at 90°/sec (∼60 secs per set). Participants were given one minute of rest between each set. This protocol is similar to that used by Derave et al. (2007) who also examined the influence of supplementation on performance fatigability.