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The who, what, where, when, why and how of picking, pulling and biting behaviors
Published in Stacy K. Nakell, Treatment for Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors, 2023
One element of this definition, that BFRBs are on the self-harm continuum, has proven controversial, as many in the BFRB field separate BFRBs from other self-harm behaviors like cutting. In my view, cutting is at one end of the continuum, where pain is a more conscious element of the desired result, with perhaps an unconscious motivation to cry for help, to express inner pain in an outward manner, and the experience of relief and release are side benefits. BFRBs tend to be at the other end of the continuum, with a focus on soothing, release and relief, and with the unconscious motivation to let frustrated energy out bit by bit. Pain is usually less of the desired result and more of an unintended effect. I specifically place both disorders on the same continuum to reduce the stigma of both poles of coping strategies involving bodily harm.
Investigative Duties on Scene
Published in Kevin L. Erskine, Erica J. Armstrong, Water-Related Death Investigation, 2021
Suicides may also present themselves as a homicide. In cases where individuals have had several prior attempts without success, they will go to the extreme to make sure their next attempt is successful. It is not uncommon to find a suicidal individual who has secured himself or herself into the front seat of a car with rope or chains and a padlock (Figure 2.38). In other cases, such individuals may combine several means of death into one attempt, such as drinking a poison like a radiator fluid and then jumping into a lake completely naked in the middle of winter.14 They may even weigh themselves down with rocks or concrete blocks before jumping into the water. All these extremes may be misleading to the investigator by giving the appearance of a dumped victim of a homicide. The investigator needs to search for suicide notes of multiple forms (on paper, diary, electronic-computer, cell phones), evidence of preparation-wills, etc., life stressors, caretaking responsibility for elderly parents or sick or disabled children, and hardships. There may be no signs other than possibly a foam cone, or there may be signs of prior or recent attempts, such as cutting injuries or scars of the wrist, weights, or tethers.
Self-harm
Published in Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy, Primary Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2019
Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy
In the case of self-cutting, the upset and shame arising from unsightly scars may need to be acknowledged. Negative connotations can be reduced by informing the young person and her parents that cutting is:common — probably much commoner than they thinkdifficult to stop, because the physiological effects give so much relief and release ➤ seldom dangerous — providing the cutting remains superficial ➤ potentially protective,by stopping the young person from doing something worse; cutting can be a way of dealing with feelings that would otherwise lead to an overdose46an effective and relatively safe way for the young person to express feelings— a bit like slamming doors or shouting. This may result in a more permissive attitude by parents towards cutting, which in turn may enable the young person to be more open about it.
Brief Admission for Patients with Self-Harm from the Perspective of Outpatient Healthcare Professionals
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Amanda Arnold MSc, Rikard Wärdig PhD, Sally Hultsjö PhD
Self-harm is a term that is widely used within psychiatric care (de Klerk et al., 2011) and is mostly associated with inflicting physical self-injury such as cutting or burning the skin (Klonsky et al., 2014; Vahia, 2013). Depending on the severity of certain diagnoses, some patients have a higher risk of self-harming. One classic example of this includes Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). BPD is characterized by a consistent pattern of instability in Cognition, affectivity, personal functioning and impulse control (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), often characterized by emotional instability along with self-harm (Tyrer et al., 2015). The general consensus is that self-harm and BPD are closely linked, and it is estimated that 65-80% of patients with BPD have engaged in some form of self-harm (Brickman et al., 2014).
The Fight against Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting among the Ejaghams of Cameroon: Kinks in the Legal Approach and Implications for Public Health Practice
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2022
Sianga Mutola, Ngambouk Vitalis Pemunta, Ngo Valery Ngo, Ogem Irene Otang, Tabi Chama-James Tabenyang
FGC can have immediate and life-long health harms on the victim. The severity of health harms depends on the type of mutilation but includes immediate physical consequences such as excruciating pain, hemorrhage, localized and ascending genitourinary infection resulting from nonuse of aseptic techniques during the cutting, and death (Sarah et al., 2009). The chronic damaging effects of FGC include urinary, gynecological, psychological, and obstetrical complications (World Health Organization, 2000). Nabaneh and Muula (Satang & Adamson, 2019) emphatically indicate that the recognition of FGC as a gross violation of the human rights of girls and women is well established in numerous international legal instruments, and that nations have made efforts to use laws as a strategy to eliminate the vice. The 2018 World Bank's Compendium of International and National Legal Frameworks on FGM shows that about 60 countries have adopted laws that criminalize FGM/C globally, including 28 African countries (Satang & Adamson, 2019). Despite the impetus demonstrated by some countries to ratify international recommendations on legal reforms to include laws that criminalize FGC, the practice has continued.
Managing Acute Insomnia in Prison: Evaluation of a “One-Shot” Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) Intervention
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2019
Charlotte Randall, Sara Nowakowski, Jason G. Ellis
The results also demonstrated the intervention was effective in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms (i.e., Aim 2). Again, these findings support a prior study testing the effectiveness of reducing mood symptoms using a single-shot CBT-I intervention (Boullin et al., 2016). As rates of anxiety and depression are high in prison populations, and in conjunction with insomnia, have been associated with increased suicide risk (Hassan et al., 2013), these findings are particularly relevant in this context. Prison suicide has been a long-standing issue across the globe (Webb, 2017) and to have another potential intervention to help manage suicide risk in this environment is important. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of the present intervention on reducing suicidal thoughts, intentions, and actions or attempts as well as other risky behaviours (self-mutilation and cutting, substance use).