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Animal studies
Published in C M Langton, C F Njeh, The Physical Measurement of Bone, 2016
Jenny Zhao, Yebin Jiang, Christopher F Njeh, Roger Bouillon, Piet Geusens, Harry K Genant
The use of a synchrotron radiation X-ray source was first suggested by Grodzins [71] for high-resolution micro-tomography (μT) of small samples. It provides a continuous energy spectrum with a high photon flux. The optimum energy for a given sample can be selected from the synchrotron radiation white beam with a small energy bandwidth (0.1–0.001%) using a crystal monochromator, while at the same time keeping the photon flux rate high enough for efficient imaging. The monochromaticity of the beam is very important, while conventional polychromatic X-ray sources result in beam hardening artefacts in the reconstructed images due to the stronger attenuation of the soft X-ray in the sample. The monochromaticity of the beam is especially important to perform accurate density measurement. The high photon flux available and small angular source size from synchrotron radiation X-ray sources lead to negligible geometrical blur, making it possible to obtain images with high spatial resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio.
Co-stabilization of pioglitazone HCL nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball milling: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Doaa H. Alshora, Shaikha Alsaif, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Essam Ezzeldin, Osaid T. Almeanazel, Amal El Sayeh Abou El Ela, Lubna Y. Ashri
X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out using the best obtained formula, which was then compared to the raw drug to study its crystallinity. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the powder samples were obtained using a RIGAKU diffractometer (Japan) equipped with curved graphite crystal monochromator, automatic divergence slit, and the automatic controller PW/1710. The target used was the CuKα radiation operated at 40 kV and 40 mA (ʎkα = 1.5418 Å). The diffraction patterns were achieved in continuous scan mode with 2Ɵ
Development of Darunavir proliposome powder for oral delivery by using Box–Bhenken design
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Sachin Bhusari, Irfan Ansari, Avinash Chaudhary
The PXRD patterns study of DRV, mannitol, and optimized batch A of OPP were obtained using X-ray diffractometer (X’ Pert PRO PANalytical). Line focus Ni-filtered CuKα1-radiation from an X-ray tube was used. The PXRD patterns of the samples were carried out using graphite crystal monochromator and 30 mA current with X’celerator detector. The XRD patterns of samples were recorded with a step size of 0.01° 2θ on a 5–80° range with a scanning rate of 0.1°/s [21].