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Apiaceae Plants Growing in the East
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Sherweit El-Ahmady, Nehal Ibrahim, Nermeen Farag, Sara Gabr
Roasting of cumin fruits results in the formation of other aromatic compounds, the substituted pyrazines including 2-ethoxy-3-isopropylpyrazine, 2-methoxy-3-sec-butylpyrazine, and 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine (Li and Jiang 2004). Less essential oil yields were recorded in roots (0.03%), stem and leaves (0.1%), and flowers (1.7%) and the major components were bornyl acetate (23%), α-terpinene (34%), and γ-terpinene (51%) in roots, stems and leaves, and flowers, respectively. Recently, a new method was proposed for the extraction of oil from cumin. Based on natural deep eutectic solvents pretreatment coupled with microwave hydrodistillation, this method offered a doubling of extraction yield compared with microwave hydrodistillation (2.2% w/w versus 1.1% w/w, respectively). Furthermore, premium quality oil with 58 volatile components was obtained, compared with 45 volatile components identified in the microwave hydrodistillation method (Zhao et al. 2019). Similarly, cryogenic grinding of cumin fruits resulted in better retention of flavor and a significant increase in cuminal content (Sharma et al. 2016). As discussed above, cuminal mediates many of cumin’s therapeutic benefits.
Photoprotective effect of solid lipid nanoparticles of rutin against UVB radiation damage on skin biopsies and tissue-engineered skin
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Rodrigo Molina Martins, Silvia de Siqueira Martins, Gustavo Luis Ferreira Barbosa, Maria José Vieira Fonseca, Patrick J. Rochette, Véronique J. Moulin, Luis Alexandre Pedro de Freitas
Four hours after irradiation skin samples were frozen and underwent cryogenic grinding using the CryoMill system (Verder Scientific, Inc., Newtown, PA, USA). Crushed samples were then dispersed in 10 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, and 0.25% Triton X-100 at a ratio of 1:1. Protein content was determined using the BCA Protein Assay Kit. For the lipid peroxidation assay, 100 µL of each sample was added to 100 µL of 130 mM KCl/10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) buffer containing 10 µL of sodium citrate (200 mM) and 10 µL of ammonium iron sulphate following incubation at 37 °C for 30 min. Next, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance assay was carried out as previously described by Martins et al. (2020). Total metalloproteinase activity was determined using the SensoLyte 520 Generic MMP Assay Kit-Fluorimetric (AnaSpec, Fremont, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The following metalloproteinase activities are detected using this kit: 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14.