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Lab-on-a-Chip-Based Devices for Rapid and Accurate Measurement of Nanomaterial Toxicity
Published in Suresh C. Pillai, Yvonne Lang, Toxicity of Nanomaterials, 2019
Mehenur Sarwar, Amirali Nilchian, Chen-zhong Li
LFIA has been an interesting platform for numerous applications (Prabhulkar and Li 2010; Li et al. 2011). This device produces results that can easily be read unaided by the human eye or with an electrochemical analyser. Although these devices have numerous advantages, the colorimetric platform can show false positive or false negative results in real samples (urine and blood). Additionally, the antibodies can become physically adsorbed on the surface of the gold NP with hydrophobic and ionic interactions. Finally, samples with low pH can disrupt the binding of AuNPs to Abs, leading to a false result (Figure 9.1).
Directorate staffing, management and organisation
Published in Michael Galloway, Suzanne Chapman, Peter Lees, Jenny Simpson, BAMM Clinical Directors’ Series Clinical Director of Pathology, 2018
Other factors influencing change include a number of technological advances in equipment, particularly in the areas of chemical pathology and haematology. Many of the analysers used in these departments are fully automated and are easier to use than their predecessors. Some of these analysers also allow for assays for a number of pathology specialities to be performed on one piece of equipment. As a result some laboratories have introduced multi-disciplinary working with the amalgamation particularly of chemical pathology and haematology departments.
Benefits and drawbacks of telemedicine
Published in Richard Wootton, John Craig, Victor Patterson, Introduction to Telemedicine, 2017
To augment the above, assays are now available to allow home testing of blood and urine glucose levels (Figure 10.1). If performed correctly, the results of such assays can be as accurate as those carried out in specialist laboratories, although in practice the results of tests carried out by patients often differ from those performed in laboratories.5 This is not surprising as patients usually lack the training required to carry out laboratory investigations. However, this situation could be substantially improved if health professionals used the teleconsulting equipment to observe how patients carry out the tests. Glucose analysers could also be linked to the telephone, transmitting the results of tests performed to the health professional’s office. This option could potentially be used both for monitoring the frequency and outcome of tests carried out by the patient, and for registering the results obtained from control samples sent to the patient’s home to check the accuracy of the analyser.
Autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with body fat percentage
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Fabiano T. Amorim, Roberto C. Nava, Kurt A. Escobar, Zidong Li, Anna M. Welch, Zachary J. Fennel, Zachary J. McKenna, Ann L. Gibson
The participant's RV was assessed with the participant in a seated position (ParvoMedics, Sandy, UT). For this procedure, the participant breathed room air and a known volume of medical grade oxygen (100% oxygen) through a mouthpiece and single-use filter connected to the analyser via a plastic tube. The participant's nostrils were occluded by a nose clip. In accordance with manufacturer guidelines, the participant breathed normally for about 3 min, then inhaled maximally, and bent forward at the waist while exhaling maximally. Next, the participant manually switched the valve to return to normal breathing and return to upright position. Once gas equilibration was attained, the trial ended, and the participant removed the nose clip and mouthpiece for a period of off-gassing. This process was repeated until 2 RV values within ±5% were obtained. The analyser calculated the lung volumes and the average RV was recorded. The analyser was calibrated prior to assessment of each participant.
Experiences with point-of-care blood gas measurements in a prehospital setting
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Jonas E. Pedersen, Mads Nybo, Eva R. B. Petersen, Jimmy H. Holm, Søren Mikkelsen, Stine T. Zwisler
The use of POCT is increasing, prehospitally as well as at the hospitals. For both settings, a solid, well-described POCT organisation is crucial to assure correct use of the optimal equipment. An example is the use of prehospital high-sensitivity cardiac troponin measurements, as they are believed to lead to a faster visitation to the correct hospital and thereby decrease patient morbidity and mortality [9, 10]. There are however a number of quality issues that must be assured, e.g. measurement range (much narrower than routine measurements), differences in troponin levels measured at POCT and routine equipment, haemolysis that can affect the measurement, etc. Many of these issues are identical for blood gas analysers, but most of them are addressed in the ABL90 FLEX setting described here: The blood gas analyser used prehospitally is identical to those used at the hospital. Analysis results are therefore identical and can be interpreted interchangeably. Use of the same analyser prehospitally and at the hospital ensures familiarity with the analyser and therefore decreases risk of erroneous use. Furthermore, the sampling is not capillary, and haemolysis is therefore not highly prevalent. Finally, the blood gas analyser is on a regular basis exchanged with an identical unit at the hospital laboratory, which assures continuous quality control performed by a specialised laboratory staff.
Molecular point-of-care testing in the community pharmacy setting: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Michael Klepser, Renee R. Koski
Molecular platforms, such as NAATs, have long been seen as the gold-standards for identifying various infectious pathogens owing to their high sensitivities and specificities. However, the tradeoff for these platforms has historically been level of complexity associated with running the tests and cost/size of analyzers. Prior to 2020, six NAATs had been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and granted CLIA-waived status [77]. Of these, five were approved for the detection of respiratory pathogens and one for detection of pathogens associated with sexually transmitted infections. Furthermore, three of the platforms required use of sizable, expensive analyzers. Subsequent to the pandemic, 10 additional manufacturers received FDA approval and CLIA-waiver or emergency use authorization (EUA) and deemed appropriate for use in CLIA-waived settings [37]. Additionally, many of these tests were run using either smaller, less expensive analyzers or on fully contained, single use analyzers. Some analyzers have CLIA-waived multiplexing capabilities. Some analyzers have connectivity capabilities. A list of CLIA-waived molecular-based POCT analyzers and their characteristics can be found in Table 4.