China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Designing a Low-Cost ECG Sensor and Monitor: Practical Considerations and Measures
Published in Daniel Tze Huei Lai, Rezaul Begg, Marimuthu Palaniswami, Healthcare Sensor Networks, 2016
Ahsan H. Khandoker, Brian A. Walker
An automatic gain control (AGC) is a control system which uses negative feedback to stabilize the gain of the ECG amplifier in much the same way a phase-locked loop (PLL) stabilizes and locks signal frequencies. An AGC system, like the PLL, is highly nonlinear and complex to analyse. Again like the PLL, the AGC system can be approximated to the first order with a considerable amount of inaccuracy. An AGC system is not the same as a limiter, which does not usually use any form of feedback and merely crops the output waveform so that the required output level is maintained. An AGC system has to maintain the required output level without any form of distortion. An AGC is highly desirable in an ECG system, as smaller ECG signals can be automatically increased and larger ones decreased to the same output level without any adjustment by the user being necessary. This is particularly important when the ECG system is to be used on many patients in quick succession.
Proteomic global proteins analysis in blast lung injury reveals the altered characteristics of crucial proteins in response to oxidative stress, oxidation-reduction process and lipid metabolic process
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2022
Peifang Cong, Changci Tong, Shun Mao, Xiuyun Shi, Ying Liu, Lin Shi, Hongxu Jin, Yunen Liu, Mingxiao Hou
The tryptic peptides were dissolved in.1% formic acid (solvent A) and directly loaded onto a homemade reversed-phase analytical column (15-cm length, 75 µm i.d.). The gradient was comprised of an increase from 6 to 23% solvent B (0.1% formic acid in 98% acetonitrile) over 26 min, 23–35% in 8 min, increasing to 80% in 3 min, and then holding at 80% for the last 3 min, all at a constant flow rate of 400 nl/min on an EASY-nLC 1,000 UPLC system (Thermo Scientific, United States). The peptides were subjected to an NSI source. Then, MS/MS in Q ExactiveTM Plus (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States) coupled online to the UPLC was performed. The electrospray voltage applied was 2 kV. The m/z scan range was 350 to 1,800 for a full scan, and intact peptides were detected in the Orbitrap at a resolution of 70,000. Peptides were then selected for MS/MS using the NCE setting as 28, and fragments were detected in the Orbitrap at a resolution of 17,500. A data-dependent procedure that alternated between 1 MS scan followed by 20 MS/MS scans with 15 s dynamic exclusion. Automatic gain control (AGC) was set at 5E4. The fixed first mass was set at 100 m/z.
The Clinical Significance and Utility of HPV-DNA Testing in Korean Women with Atypical Glandular Cells in Cervical Pap Tests: An Analysis of 311 Cases at a Single Institution
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2021
Tae-Kyu Jang, Jeong-Yeol Park, Dae-Yeon Kim, Dae-Shik Suh, Jong-Hyeok Kim, Yong-Man Kim, Young-Tak Kim, Joo-Hyun Nam
Cases that have the diagnostic interpretation of AGC cause problems in clinical management not only because of low prevalence of AGC (0.1–1.8%), but due to poor correlation between cytologic and histologic samples. The results of such correlations show a broad divergent spectrum of benign and malignant conditions (6–8). For this reason, the value of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as an ancillary diagnostic tool in a patient with the diagnosis of atypical glandular cell (AGC) on Pap test, has been employed to clarify results for over a decade. High-risk HPV (HPVhr) is the most important contributors to the development of cervical precancerous lesions and invasive carcinomas. HPVhr was detected in Hybrid Capture 2 assay in 96% of women diagnosed to have CIN2/3. HPVhr also was detected in 82% and 100% of women diagnosed to have AIS and high-grade squamous lesion by using PCR, respectively (9,10). In addition, several studies on the association between AGC and HPV have reported that, squamous or glandular lesions of the cervix are more common in younger age with a positive HPV test, whereas endometrial lesions are less likely to be directly associated with HPV infection (4,11). The results of these studies may help to prove the efficacy of HPV-DNA testing to assess site of origin in women with AGC, at initial Pap test and avoid unnecessary procedures such as colposcopy or endometrial sampling, thereby reducing the patient's economic burden.
Signal processing & audio processors
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Anandhan Dhanasingh, Ingeborg Hochmair
Automatic Sound Management (ASM) is a term created to bring together a set of front-end features that were implemented in the audio processors at various time points at MED-EL. Automatic Gain Control (AGC) is one of the features within ASM that attenuates high-level signal and enhances low-level signal, enabling the CI user to hear even a very soft sound signal. AGC recreates or models the sound level compression function of the basilar membrane and compresses the range of sound levels by mapping a dynamic input range of 75 dB to a narrower output dynamic range. This feature is available in all MED-EL audio processors, including in off-the-ear processors, existent since 2013. AGC is the first-ever and the only front-end feature that was implemented in MED-EL’s COMBI 40 body-worn audio processor and is still available along with other advanced features in the latest SONNET2 BTE audio processor. The modern AGC in CI audio processor carries a dual time constant compression system (slow and fast detector). The slow detector is generally in control of the system gain and mainly determines the dynamic properties of the AGC. The exceptions are sudden intense transient sounds (like door slamming) when the AGC gain is determined by the fast detector, which immediately reduces the system gain.