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Quality and Safety Management
Published in W. P. M. Mayles, A. E. Nahum, J.-C. Rosenwald, Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics, 2021
W. P. M. Mayles, David Thwaites, J.-C. Rosenwald
Accuracy is the qualitative characteristic of an observation where the estimated value (in principle, the mean value of the sample with appropriate corrections) is close to the reference value. In what follows, accuracy will frequently be used in a more general sense, requiring both a small deviation from the reference value and a small statistical dispersion.
Spectral Performance of Photon-Counting X-Ray Detectors
Published in Katsuyuki Taguchi, Ira Blevis, Krzysztof Iniewski, Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 2020
Peter Trueb, Pietro Zambon, Christian Broennimann
The precision of a detection system in discerning the energy of the incoming radiation is expressed by its energy resolution. This figure of merit quantifies the statistical dispersion of the photon energy measurement. Usually it is reported in terms of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the photo peak in the response function to monochromatic radiation.
Case Studies
Published in Nicholas Stergiou, Nonlinear Analysis for Human Movement Variability, 2018
Anastasia Kyvelidou, Leslie M. Decker
In our study, we evaluated the consistency of movement trajectory in robot-assisted surgery using objective measures that examine the amount and the structure of movement variability. Amount of variability is generally measured by the standard deviation, a measure of statistical dispersion, and coefficient of variation, which is a normalized measure of dispersion. The largest LyE, a measure of structure of variability, is used to examine consistency by evaluating the rate of change in movement trajectories; more diverged or less consistent movement is indicated as LyE increases (Stergiou et al. 2004). Thus, reduction in the LyE measure indicated increased consistency of movement trajectories. The structure of variability has been utilized in evaluating consistent patterns in human movement (Kay 1988).
Evaluation of peripheral serotonin content and α2-adrenergic receptor function as potential markers for life-long recurrent depressive disorder by using methodological improvements
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2018
Boris Aleksovski, Antoni Novotni, Viktorija Vujović, Vladimir Rendevski, Nensi Manusheva, Violeta Neceva, Ana Filipce, Aleksandar Risteski, Vasko Aleksovski, Icko Gjorgoski
A low positive correlation between blood plasma serotonin concentration and depressive symptom severity scored by HAM-D (ρ = 0.476, p = .014) and BDI-II (ρ = 0.421, p = .027) was shown. A high level of statistical dispersion was observed, mostly because of the presence of psychotic patients characterized. Due to this, a second bivariate analysis was performed where psychotic patients were excluded. Within the non-psychotic patients (n = 20), the positive linear trend was more obvious, resulting in moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.663; p = .013) and BDI-II (ρ = 0.731; p = .002). We did not detect any significant correlation between blood plasma serotonin concentration and severity of anxious symptoms scored by HAM-A.
Statistical trends of episiotomy around the world: Comparative systematic review of changing practices
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2018
Christophe Clesse, Joëlle Lighezzolo-Alnot, Sylvie De Lavergne, Sandrine Hamlin, Michèle Scheffler
We present our analysis of the data to also show that Asian countries (usually with high population density) have mostly very high overall episiotomy rates with the following leading coutries: India (68% estimated in 2007/2008) China (85.50% in 2003), Thailand (91.00% in 2005), Vietnam (86.10% in 1999) and especially Taiwan with an estimated rate of 100% in 2002 (Graham et al., 2005; Lam, Wong, & Pun, 2006; Ngoc, Sloan, Thach, Liem le, & Winikoff, 2005; Saxena, Sandhu, Babu, Bandol, & Sharma, 2010). However, the other parts of the world showed episiotomy rates generally between 30% and 50% of deliveries. With lower rates in countries considered more affluent, the statistical dispersion of these so-called intermediate countries seems to be correlated with the standard of living per capita. A thorough statistical study of all these assumptions should be conducted to verify these statements.
Do in vitro solubility studies on endodontic sealers demonstrate a high level of evidence? A systematic review
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Ankur Razdan, Ana Raquel Benetti, Lars Bjørndal
It could be argued that classifying studies as low evidence due to low sample size is not reasonable because these studies have actually followed the existing international standard recommendations. However, these international standards differ from the recently recommended CONSORT guidelines for reporting in vitro studies on dental materials [26]. Furthermore, a vast majority of the low evidence studies with low sample size demonstrated relatively large statistical dispersion. An increased sample size would definitely have improved the confidence intervals of the reported results of these studies.