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Sampling Theory
Published in Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie, Principles of Biostatistics, 2022
Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie
Ideally, a sampling frame should be a complete list of all members of the target population. In reality, however, this is rarely the case. In some situations it is impossible to devise a sampling frame for the study population. Suppose we are interested in the individuals who will use a particular health care clinic over the next year; in this case, we cannot finish the list until the year is complete. But even when a sampling frame is not available, systematic random sampling can sometimes be applied. We still wish to sample a fraction of 1 in , so if the population size N is unknown, it must be estimated. In this case, the initial study unit is randomly selected from the first k units that become available, for some k. After this, each kth consecutive unit is chosen. For example, we might sample the 3rd person entering a health care clinic on a certain day, and every 10th person thereafter. The sampling frame is compiled as the study progresses.
Focus group research in healthcare
Published in Paul M.W. Hackett, Christopher M. Hayre, Handbook of Ethnography in Healthcare Research, 2020
Choosing a sample is a complex task for the researchers, be they outsiders to the setting or insiders – an outsider could be a social science researcher, an insider a midwife who works in a particular hospital or in the community. The aim is of course, to gather a variety of rich and appropriate data for the study. Stewart and Shamdasani (2015) maintain that a sampling frame is useful. A sampling frame is the population of interest from which the sample is taken. In focus groups for health research, for instance, the population might be patients in a local general practice or consultants within a particular specialty. The authors above state, however, that in focus group research a sampling frame is less important than in survey research as researchers cannot generalise beyond the boundaries of the focus group(s). Group interaction generates not only discussion but also a variety and multitude of ideas, because of the varied experiences of participants. Occasionally, the sample is chosen because it includes individuals who are not typical for the group because the researchers need to have some “deviant cases” which enhance the dynamic of the interaction. Deviant cases are examples of comments that differ strongly from the general pattern that seems to emerge.
Sampling Theory and Methods
Published in M. Venkataswamy Reddy, Statistical Methods in Psychiatry Research and SPSS, 2019
Several random sampling methods are available depending on the objectives of the study, the size and nature of the population, required precision of the estimates, sanctioned budget, and the availability of the sampling frame. A sampling frame is a list of all the units in the population listed alphabetically or chronologically and numbered serially.
Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on Yemeni healthcare workers: A Web-based, Cross-sectional Survey
Published in Libyan Journal of Medicine, 2023
Gamil Ghaleb Alrubaiee, Mohammed Alsabri, Farouk Abdulrahman Al-Qadasi, Talal Ali Hussein Al-Qalah, Jennifer Cole, Yaser Abdullah Ghaleb Alburiahy
In this study, the researchers used a non-probability, convenience sampling strategy because they did not have access to the sampling frame. Because of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, data was gathered using a self-reported questionnaire created in Google Forms, as recommended by the Ministry of Health and Population to avoid face-to-face contact between researchers and research participants. The URL link to the form was distributed to the HCWs via emails and social media including WhatsApp and Telegram. The participants were encouraged to send the link to as many other colleagues as possible to increase the response rate of the survey. To avoid entering multiple responses from the same respondent, the email address of each respondent was used as a unique identifier. A total of 1,220 HCWs responded to the survey and are included in this study.
Predicting virtual care continuance intention in the post-COVID world: Empirical evidence from an emerging economy
Published in International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2023
Muhammed Sajid, K.A. Zakkariya, Meera Peethambaran
The population for this study consists of individuals who have started using virtual care services after COVID-19. The authors approached 23 virtual care service providers in India, including hospitals, to access a population that meets the above criterion. Out of which, seven service providers responded in favor of our request, and they provided us with the list of relevant patients who have expressed their consent to co-operate with the study. The sample frame consisted of 2788 patients. Since the sampling frame is available, samples were drawn randomly, following the concept of systematic random sampling. The first respondent was selected randomly from the sampling frame, and then each 7th respondent in the sampling frame was selected. The required sample size for the study was computed according to the recommendation of Hair et al. [36], who suggested 10–15 responses per observation. This study has 15 observations, resulting in a sample size of 225 ( = 15 X 15). However, the study consisted of a sample size of 321, which is greater than the required sample size.
Exploring Perceptions of Parents on the Use of Emergency Department On-site Primary Care Services for the Treatment of Children With Non-urgent Conditions
Published in Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 2021
Mfon Sam, Dianne L. Cook, Andrew G. Rowland, James Butler
Random sampling involves some form of random selection of the population members. Each population member has a known and typically equal probability of being selected. Simple random sampling (sometimes referred to simply as random sampling) is the most straightforward type of random sampling. A sampling frame is constructed – that is, a list of all people belonging to the population. Constructing a sampling frame requires knowledge of exactly who is in the population. A sample of a fixed size is selected at random from this list, with all members of the population having the same probability of being selected, independently of all others. The probability that a population member will be chosen is known in advance (Sedgwick, 2013). In contrast, in this study, convenience sampling involved selecting patients because it was convenient and they were easily accessible. Despite the potential limitations of convenience sampling, it is often used to recruit participants to a study because it is easy to do (Sedgwick, 2013).