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Introduction and Brief History of Structural Equation Modeling for Health and Medical Research
Published in Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle, Structural Equation Modeling for Health and Medicine, 2021
Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle
A quasi-experimental study typically involves intervention research or the collection of multiple measures prospectively, but study participants are not randomly assigned. Survey studies or clinical research studies with treatment and control groups but no randomization (non-equivalent groups) could be categorized as a quasi-experiment. We summarize these three main types of studies in Table 1.1.
The Effectiveness of Theory-Based Low-Sodium Diet Education on Low-Sodium Diet Adherence Among Elderly with Hypertension
Published in Teuku Tahlil, Hajjul Kamil, Asniar, Marthoenis, Challenges in Nursing Education and Research, 2020
Asnil Adli Simamora, Asniar, Endang Mutiawati
This study is a quasi-experimental one group pre-test-post-test design. The sample in this study of 88 elderly people above 60 years of age in sub-district of Percut Sei Tuan, recruited with purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) developed by Wicaksana and Wang (2018). Instrument DSRQ there are 14 question items with 3 components in it namely the control of behaviour is based, attitude and subjective norm. with 5 alternative answers using the Likert scale, data collection on the intervention group started with pre-test, which gives the instrument Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire to be filled. Then plan educational activities low-sodium diet in elderly hypertensive patients will be done by scheduling an appointment for a home visit and arrange time frames as agreed, the next post-test will be done at the time 1 day after the whole meeting on the activities of the health education done by giving back the instrument the determinant of a low-sodium diet compliance to be filled. Data analysis was done by using SPSS program, include descriptive analysis, the statistical test used is the test kolmogrov Smirnov, Wilcoxon and paired sample t test.
Analysis of Vaccine Studies and Causal Inference
Published in Leonhard Held, Niel Hens, Philip O’Neill, Jacco Wallinga, Handbook of Infectious Disease Data Analysis, 2019
An approach as yet underutilized in public health (Bor et al., 2014; Moscoe et al., 2015) is the quasi-experimental design known as the regression discontinuity design (Thistlewaite and Campbell, 1960). In particular, the design might be useful for evaluating vaccines in some situations when randomized studies are not feasible or ethical. The regression discontinuity design allows for causal inference about the effects of interventions when certain conditions hold. The main idea is that an intervention, such as a vaccine, would be administered to a group based on an arbitrary continuous cut-off, such as age. Then we might assume that those just below the cutoff who do not receive vaccine would be comparable to those just above the cutoff who do receive vaccine. The approach has been used widely in economics studies where randomization is often unfeasible. It seems not yet to have been developed in the context of evaluating vaccines. Aronow et al (2016) consider the regression discontinuity design under interference using a local randomization approach, where the causal estimands are related to those presented in Section 8.3.
The impact of converting a power plant from coal to natural gas on pediatric acute asthma
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Robert Clemons, Maiying Kong, Kahir Jawad, Yana Feygin, Kerry Caperell
The interrupted time series is a quasi-experimental study design. The term quasi-experimental refers to an absence of randomization. Interrupted time series a routine methodology used is for analyzing observational data where randomization is not possible. Its main advantage over alternative approaches is that it can make full use of the longitudinal nature of the data and account for pre-intervention trends. This design is particularly useful when “natural experiments” in real word settings occur—for example, when a power company change fuel sources. However, it is not appropriate when trends have external time varying effects or autocorrelation (e.g., seasonality). While these can be potentially handled through modeling if the relevant information is known. It is difficult to understand all factors that impact a longitudinal outcome.
A WhatsApp-delivered intervention to promote physical activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2022
Erkan Yarımkaya, Oğuz Kaan Esentürk, Ekrem Levent İlhan, Necdet Karasu
This study used the mixed-method sequential exploratory design that consisted of the quantitative stage and the qualitative stage (Creswell 2014). In the quantitative stage, a quasi-experimental design with experimental and control groups was used to investigate the effects of WhatsApp-delivered physical activities on the physical activity level of children with ASD (see Figure 1). The quasi-experimental design is a highly applicable research model that is often used in research in the field of education, where it is not possible to control all variables. While the pre-test in the model helps determine the similarity level of the groups before the intervention program, the post-test allow to interpret the effects of the intervention on the participants (Cohen et al.2007). In the qualitative stage, semi-structured interview questions were used to examine the opinions of parents about the changes in physical activity level of children with ASD and the WhatsApp-delivered physical activities. Semi-structured interview is defined as a distinctive method used to understand what, how and why participants think (Bogdan and Biklen 2007).
Procedural Integrity Reporting in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (2000–2020)
Published in Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 2022
Daniel Cymbal, David A. Wilder, Nelmar Cruz, Grant Ingraham, Mary Llinas, Ronald Clark, Marissa Kamlowsky
To meet the inclusion criteria, studies were required have been experimental or quasi-experimental in nature. We defined experimental studies as those that included one or more participants with active manipulation of an independent variable. Quasi-experimental studies were those that included some form of experimental design (i.e., systematically manipulated an independent variable) but violated some tenant of execution (e.g., no random assignment for group designs; lack of demonstrated experimental control in single subject design). Thus, these requirements excluded certain forms of empirical evaluation (e.g., correlational designs; meta-analyses) as well as discussion/conceptual articles, comments, book reviews, and Editor’s notes. Based on previous reviews of procedural integrity (e.g., Falakfarsa et al., 2021), we counted studies with multiple experiments (i.e., separate Method, Results, and/or Discussion sections) as separate, individual studies.