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Research is simple
Published in Jeremy Jolley, Introducing Research and Evidence-Based Practice for Nursing and Healthcare Professionals, 2020
So, what is research? All research is nothing more than systematic enquiry. Quantitative research is an endeavour to discover new information, in a manner that is structured, systematic and objective, while using techniques (methodologies) that are robust. Qualitative research is also systematic (it has a defined method or ‘plan’) but allows for the interpretation of data in a manner that may be subjective, but which is open to audit. All researchers want to produce research of good quality (research that is robust or trustworthy). If the methodology is questionable, so will be the results. The definition of research given here applies to all research, from that which takes place in laboratories, to that which focuses on human experiences. All research is just a systematic enquiry.
Psychiatric Research
Published in M. Venkataswamy Reddy, Statistical Methods in Psychiatry Research and SPSS, 2019
Quantitative research involves collecting quantitative data based on precise measurements using structured, reliable, and validated data collection instruments or through archival data sources. The nature of the data is in the form of variables. Based on the purpose of the study, the studies of quantitative research can be broadly classified as observational studies and experimental studies.
How to search and critically appraise the literature
Published in Felicity Goodyear-Smith, Bob Mash, How to Do Primary Care Research, 2018
Critical appraisal can be applied to both quantitative and qualitative research using the same four questions, but slightly different concepts. What differs is the nature and type of processes that ontologically and methodologically distinguish quantitative and qualitative research from each other. Quantitative research is primarily concerned with numerical data and their statistical interpretations under a reductionist, logical and objective paradigm. Qualitative research uses non-numerical information and its interpretation, which are intricately linked to human senses and subjectivity, to improve knowledge about psychosocial aspects of health care. There are various tools available to guide critical appraisals of quantitative and qualitative research (see Box 14.7). Remember that systematic reviews use a structured approach to take stock of existing studies, and reading an up-to-date systematic review provides a useful starting point for getting to know the existing body of research.
“Your double-blind RCT needs feminism”: an argument for engaging critical theory in quantitative rehabilitation research
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Teri Slade, Erin Duebel, Jacalyn Ryan
In the sections that follow, we argue against the uncritical use of positivism in quantitative research through the central elements of randomized controlled trials: participant, intervention, comparison, outcome, often referred to as PICO. At each stage, we will explore ways in which critical theory can help identify current limitations and ultimately conduct more innovative research. To be clear, qualitative research can also be positivist when it endorses concepts of positivism, such as asserting that the findings represent a single objective truth [3] or assuming that the research and researcher can be value-neutral [4]. The present article focuses on quantitative research. Readers interested in engaging critical theory in qualitative research can consult one of the many rich resources available on that topic [5–9].
Causal mediation analysis of the impacts of distracted driving on crash injury risks
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2022
Guopeng Zhang, Ying Cai, Xinguo Jiang, Tangwei Yao, Yingfei Fan
In this regard, causal mediation analysis has been frequently adopted to analyze the causal mechanisms in the applied research. The advantage is that it has the potential to overcome the problem of the black box in the quantitative research. Through the method, the mediated process and the mediation effects can be identified from a set of fitted regression models. In recent years, mediation analysis has been employed in several traffic safety studies. For example, Kamel et al. (2019) employed Bayesian mediation analysis approach to assess the mediated effects of various variables on cyclist-vehicle crashes by setting bike exposure as a mediator. In a pioneer work by Gershon et al. (2019), the total time of eyes off the road is used as the mediator to examine the causal effects of distraction from secondary tasks on the crash risks of teenage drivers.
Correlates of Psychological Distress among Liberian Migrants in Nigeria
Published in Smith College Studies in Social Work, 2022
Tosin Tunrayo Olonisakin, Alphonso Yarseah, Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo, Olasupo Augustine Ijabadeniyi
This study utilized a quantitative research design. Participants were Liberians resident in the Oru Refugee Camp in Ogun State, Nigeria. Five hundred and twenty participants (64.2% men and 35.8% women) with an average age of 33.04 (SD10.9, Range 14–64 years) responded to the questionnaire used for data collection. Different religious affiliations; Christianity (90%), Islam (9.2%), and unnamed (0.8%) were reported. Educational qualification ranged from primary school education to Ph.D. with the secondary school education category having the largest share (34%). Permission was sought from the Camp Administrator to conduct research with the refugees at the camp. The refugees were assembled in a location on the camp for ease of the data collection process. The purpose of the research was explained to the participants and those who were interested and consented to the research participated in the study. It took an average of 15 minutes for each respondent and as token participants were provided with food items on completing the questionnaire. The data were collected in batches and spanned five days. This study complied with the ethical standards for research in the Declaration of Helsinki.