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Support for Hydration at End of Life
Published in Victor R. Preedy, Handbook of Nutrition and Diet in Palliative Care, 2019
A novel study used Q-methodology to identify issues of concern for palliative care patients in regard to decisions about artificial hydration. The need to understand differing patient views and involve them in unbiased, informed decision-making was highlighted (Malia and Bennett 2011). Phenomenological interviews were used to explore how patients and caregivers in home hospice care in the United States viewed parenteral hydration. Contradictory to traditional hospice practice some considered this to enhance comfort, dignity and quality of life (Cohen et al. 2012). A literature review (Gent et al. 2015) on attitudes towards assisted hydration in dying patients identified three core themes: (1) symbolic value; (2) beliefs and misconceptions; and (3) cultural, ethical and legal ideas.
The relevance of lay concepts and experience of illness for help-seeking
Published in Anne Rogers, Heather Elliott, Primary Care: Understanding Health Need and Demand, 2018
Secondly, Salmon and his colleagues examined health beliefs in relation to the presentation of common primary care ailments. Beliefs about symptoms of patients attending their GPs were compared across three types (respiratory, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal). Developing insights from qualitative sociology and anthropology using Q methodology, eight belief dimensions were formulated into scales: stress, lifestyle, ‘wearing out’, environment, internal-structural, internal-functional, weak constitution, concern. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most likely to be attributed to internal malfunctions and lifestyle or weak constitution. Musculoskeletal symptoms were more likely to be attributed to structural problems caused by the body ‘wearing out’ and respiratory symptoms to the influence of the environment. This formulation by Salmon and his colleagues is likely to be of significant utility in examining the relationship between beliefs and patterns of use of services over time.56
‘Race’, ethnicity, culture and childbirth
Published in Caroline Squire, The Social Context of Birth, 2017
Caroline. Squire, Dave. Sookhoo
In a cross-cultural Q-methodology study, Ahmed et al. (2012) sought to examine the interpretations of ‘informed choice in antenatal screening’. Their findings revealed that their respondents, from a variety of ethnic backgrounds, held various views and that the attachment of value they gave to the principals of autonomy and informed choice was similarly varied. Some of their BME respondents, particularly Pakistani and African, were informed by their religious values and were accepting of where God would lead them, while, for others, religion was not part of the decision-making, particularly when considering the termination of pregnancy. Pakistani and African respondents, in particular, wanted to share the decision-making surrounding the screening tests. However, when reflecting on midwifery practice and the value of autonomous choice, there are very many white British women who also want to share with midwives the difficult decisions surrounding antenatal screening and its implications, and so, once again, it really is a matter of providing sufficient information and asking the individual woman of any ethnicity what she would prefer.
Potential roles of occupational therapists in urban planning for age-friendly environments: A Q-methodology
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2023
Tetsuya Anzai, Michael P. Sy, Peter Bontje
Q-methodology is a research design used for exploring and generating a greater understanding of people’s perspectives and beliefs [28]. In this study, Q-methodology was chosen to gather and interpret the participants’ subjective viewpoints and attitudes towards the specific subject matter [28]. Through this method, each research participant presented their viewpoint by sharing how they arrange cards with written information about a typical topic (i.e. the potential roles of occupational therapists in urban planning for age-friendly environments), called statements in this study [29]. Q-methodology can identify and explain the priorities of a particular issue based on various perspectives within certain contexts. For instance, this research aimed to identify the potential roles of occupational therapists based on the various viewpoints of people that came from different professional backgrounds and experiences related to urban planning for older people in Japan.
A Q Methodology Investigation of School Counselors’ Beliefs and Feelings in Reporting Suspected Child Sexual Abuse
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2022
Phillip L. Waalkes, Daniel A. DeCino, Jaimie Stickl Haugen, Emily Woodruff
Q methodology is the scientific and systematic exploration of people’s viewpoints through utilizing a unique combination of qualitative depth and quantitative rigor (McKeown & Thomas, 2013; Shemmings, 2006). In Q methodology studies, participants reveal the internal subjectivity of their viewpoints through an operational manner (i.e., physically rank ordering statements based on their perspectives in the Q sort; McKeown & Thomas, 2013). One of the primary advantages of Q methodology is that it can clarify a maelstrom of varied experiences (Watts & Stenner, 2012). Since a variety of viewpoints and experiences related to school counselors’ reporting CSA exist in the research literature (e.g., Behun et al., 2019; Sikes et al., 2010; Sivis-Cetinkaya, 2015), we selected Q methodology for the present study because it can reveal common profiles of school counselors’ viewpoints on reporting CSA in ways that can inform school counseling practice, training, and support (Watts & Stenner, 2012).
Clinical psychologists’ views about talking to people with psychosis about sexuality and intimacy: a Q-methodological study
Published in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2022
Daniel J. L. Southall, Helen A. Combes
Q-methodology is a unique ‘qualiquantilogical’ methodology combining both traditional quantitative factor analysis with the qualitative study of perspectives (Watts & Stenner, 2005). Developed by psychologist William Stephenson (Stephenson, 1935), Q is used to study subjectivity – the diversity of attitudes, opinions and viewpoints on a particular topic (e.g. Brown, 1993). Although Q was originally developed as a psychological research method, it has since been extended across political, education and health research (Brown, 1980; Cross, 2005). Participants are asked to order a set of statements (the Q set) according to their own viewpoint within a pre-determined distribution grid. Because the distribution only allows participants to assign a certain number of statements to a given rating e.g. from Most Disagree (−6) to Most Agree (+6), the pattern is one of a ‘forced’ rather than ‘free’ distribution. Factor analysis then enables correlation of each participant’s Q-sort, thus representing an inversion of conventional factor analysis wherein correlations between test items are explored (Watts & Stenner, 2012).