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The philosophical implications of fundamental cause theory
Published in Sridhar Venkatapuram, Alex Broadbent, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Public Health, 2023
Challenges about novelty are of course hardly the only objections to FCT. First, critics can marshal some of the same concerns regarding the broad scope of FCT-based public health action as they can with any policy action targeted at root social determinants of health. Even if it is the case that such interventions are important, it does not follow that public health organizations and actors should be charged with their implementation. Rothstein (2002), perhaps the most vigorous critic of a broad model of public health, argues that social engineering in the name of public health risks damaging credibility and eroding support for essential public health services. Moreover, such concerns dovetail with the well-known boundary objection. If it is the case that upstream social conditions are the prime determinants of health and its distribution, then the legitimate scope of public health action is boundless. Literally, every public policy can be health policy.
Public policies in building a healthy community
Published in Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Public health involves public policy to prevent the inception and spread of disease among the population, with a particular focus on sanitation and hygiene (Germov, 2019). Based on a societal view, public health is defined as a collative action by societal members to ensure people’s health (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, 2003). There is an emergent consensus that communities and organisations, public or private, play an important role in tackling public health issues (Robertson-James et al., 2017). A community that offers healthy living sustains citizens’ health and support their everyday activities (Kang, 2015). In the population perspective, every society should aim at improving the health and wellbeing of individuals and the population as a whole (Hancock, 1999).
Lesson Learned from the U.S. Concept
Published in Ira Nurmala, Yashwant V. Pathak, Advancing Professional Development through CPE in Public Health, 2019
Ira Nurmala, Yashwant V. Pathak
Health administration and policy aimed to advocate policy makers and health services to create a better service for the community and to enforce a healthy public policy. Epidemiology measures the incidence and prevalence to measure trends in the community to the prevention of particular diseases. Biostatistics and population study help the policy makers to get a complete picture of the demographic condition and create a specific program for a vulnerable population. Community nutrition creates an innovative diet for the community depending on measurement of body mass index to prevent malnourishment. Environmental health evaluates the quality of the environment where people live in order to create a conducive environment for healthy behavior. Health promotion and behavior assess the behavior of the people in the community to identify the main causes of certain behavior and the key person to help promote certain behavior conducive to health.
The Socio-Political Roles of Neuroethics and the Case of Klotho
Published in AJOB Neuroscience, 2022
Veljko Dubljević, Katharina Trettenbach, Robert Ranisch
By addressing that question, it is also crucial for socio-political neuroethics to explicate the limits of its own approach. As Parens and Johnston (2007) state: “We need to distinguish between the questions that we can answer for policy-makers and those that we cannot resolve.” Otherwise, neuroethicists would be guilty of becoming accomplices of media hyperbole. Therefore, we propose these four additional questions to ensure that the discussion of any particular neurotechnology is realistic and not merely hype:What are the criteria for assessing the relevance of cases to be discussed?What are the relevant policy options for targeted regulation (e.g. of research, manufacture, use?)What are the relevant external considerations for policy options (e.g. international treaties)?What are the foreseeable future challenges that public policy might have to tackle with?
Policies and Interventions to Reduce Familial Mental Illness Stigma: A Scoping Review of Empirical Literature
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2021
Joseph Adu,, Abram Oudshoorn,, Kelly Anderson,, Carrie Anne Marshall,, Heather Stuart,, Meagan Stanley,
Eventually, there is a need for findings ways to address familial mental illness stigma, such as enacting appropriate policies and interventions that reduce stigmatizing attitudes to safeguard the welfare of persons with mental illnesses within their families. This paper examines such policies and interventions aimed at reducing familial mental illness stigma, with a focus on four comparator countries in the developed world (Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Australia). A scoping review methodology focused on empirical studies is used herein. Multiple databases were searched to identify relevant studies to achieve the aim of the study. The review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature to highlight existing policies and interventions targeting familial mental illness stigma, and to identify evidence gaps to inform further research. Policy herein implies public policy which is a system of laws, regulatory measures, courses of action, and funding priorities regarding programs propagated by governmental entities (Kilpatrick & Ross, 2001). Policy is more of an idea or a plan of what to do in particular situations that have been agreed upon by a group of people, an organization, or a government. Intervention, on the other hand, is the planned actions that are designed to prevent a disease or injury or to promote health in a given population (McKenzie et al., 2012). Interventions often involve educational programs that aim to bring improvement in the environment, or a health promotion campaign.
Immigrant Women and Mental Health Care: Findings from an Environmental Scan
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2018
Individual risk factors have a relationship with public policy. Immigrant groups experience multiple barriers related to accessible mental health care resources, implicated by broader political, social, and health care structures (DeSouza, 2013; Hansson, Tuck, Lurie, & McKenzie, 2010; Raphael, 2016; Viruell-Fuentes et al., 2012). In addition to systemic processes which impact immigrant mental health, public policy on immigrant women’s maternal mental health has focused on screening for PPD. For example, a public health policy initiative was introduced to screen for PPD using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in interior BC (Cox, Holden, & Sagovsky, 1987). Despite the validity and reliability of the 10-item self-rating scale, there are critiques regarding the appropriateness of using the screening tool with diverse cultural groups. Ethnocentric assumptions underpinning the EPDS items and diverse range of cross-cultural understandings about maternal child health may need further examination (Stapleton, Murphy, & Kildea, 2013; Tobin, Di Napoli, & Wood-Gauthier, 2015).