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Testing
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) happens as the coronary arteries age and calcium is deposited in the muscular wall of the artery or a plaque inside the artery lumen, thus obstructing the blood flow (37–40) (Figure 19.5). The calcium in the four primary larger coronary arteries increases as you age and is related to all risk factors, such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or smoking. The higher the CAC score, based on age and gender, the greater the risk for CHD and MI. A normal score is zero. A baseline CAC score predicts CHD and MI risk beyond traditional risk factors. A CAC score of over 300 has a risk of a MI that is increased ten-fold (37–40).
Upper GI Surgery
Published in Tjun Tang, Elizabeth O'Riordan, Stewart Walsh, Cracking the Intercollegiate General Surgery FRCS Viva, 2020
Nicola C Tanner, Chris Collins
What is the DeMeester scoring system?The DeMeester score measures lower oesophageal acidity and correlates it with symptom duration. It uses the six parameters tested on a 24 hr ambulatory pH study involving patient position, number and length of reflux.A normal score is <14.72.
The Poisson Distribution
Published in Peter Cummings, Analysis of Incidence Rates, 2019
Three large-sample (approximate) methods for testing a hypothesis with a P-value are the Wald statistic, the score statistic, and the likelihood ratio (Garthwaite, Jolliffe, and Jones 2002 pp84–90, Greenland and Rothman 2008a pp225–231). Probably the most commonly of these is the Wald statistic, also called the standard score, Z-statistic, Normal score, or Z-score. The Wald statistic for a mean count or rate is the mean divided by its SE. This is a measure, in SE units, of how far the observed value is from the hypothesized null value, which is 0 for a difference in counts or rates. This hypothesis can be stated in 3 ways: (1) the hypothesis that the true, but unobserved, count or rate is 0; (2) the hypothesis that the difference between the observed count or rate and a count or rate of 0 is equal to 0; and (3) the hypothesis that the ratio of the observed count or rate to another count or rate is 1.
Protective effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibition in brain ischaemia in vitro and in vivo models
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Ilaria Dettori, Irene Fusco, Irene Bulli, Lisa Gaviano, Elisabetta Coppi, Federica Cherchi, Martina Venturini, Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli, Carla Ghelardini, Alessio Nocentini, Claudiu T. Supuran, Anna Maria Pugliese, Felicita Pedata
The neurological deficit was evaluated by the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) test described in ref.36. The examiners were blind both to the type of surgery and to the treatment. All tests were carried out before and 24 h after pMCAo. The mNSS test evaluates the sensorimotor deficit: it is composed of motor, sensory, reflex and beam balance tests. The score assigned to each rat at completion of the evaluation equals the sum of all test scores. The test is graded on a scale from 0 (normal score) to 18 (maximal deficit score). In the beam balance test, a score between 0 (normal score) and 6 (maximal deficit score) was assigned to each animal in function of the ability to stay and walk on the beam. Beam balance test score affects 1/3 of the total mNSS score.
Vision-Related Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression in Congolese Patients with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2020
Nelly N. Kabedi, David L. Kayembe, Jean-Claude Mwanza
Mental state of both cases and controls was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The HADS is a self-administered 14-item scale questionnaire that is designed for use in the hospital setting.12 It has two subscales: HADS-A and HADS-D for assessing anxiety and depression, respectively. Questions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 relate to anxiety whereas questions 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 relate to depression. The scoring system is detailed in the original description of the scale.12 For each scale, the total score ranges from 0 to 21 and participants are ultimately classified as normal (score 0–7) or having mild (score 8–10), moderate (score 11–14), or severe anxiety or depression (score 15–21).
Preliminary study of Novafon local vibration voice therapy for dysphonia treatment
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2020
A large and significant improvement was found in spectrography between before and after voice therapy (dunb > 0.80; z = –2.714, p = .007). Additionally, a large effect size was revealed in spectrography over the duration of five weeks (Wilks’ lambda F = 5.160, p = . 029; Partial Eta Squared = 0.824). After the fourth week, a steady and significant improvement of the spectrography was reached (Bonferroni: p < .006 to .017). Furthermore, the signal typing in voice using narrowband spectrograms was pathological before treatment. The score decreased over the time of treatment but the results have not reached yet a normal score after NLVVT [44].