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Introduction
Published in Debbie Peet, Emma Chung, Practical Medical Physics, 2021
Debbie Peet, Emma Chung, Jasdip Mangat, Joanne Cowe
Research skills include being able to identify key questions, as well as designing studies to answer them. Investigations may involve adopting standard research methods, such as performing a systematic literature review, designing a clinical trial, laboratory testing, performing simulations, or developing models. A working knowledge of Medical Statistics and Health Technology Assessment methods is essential. For an introduction to Medical Statistics, there are many available texts. For example, see Kirkwood and Sterne (2003).
The work of physicians with individuals and communities: Epidemiology and other partners in evidence-based medicine
Published in Milos Jenicek, Foundations of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2019
Students often ask if biostatistics and epidemiology are synonymous. They are not. Statistics is the science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation, whatever their field of application and subject might be. The term is also often applied to data themselves.17Biostatistics is currently defined as the application of statistics to biological problems, which goes well beyond the field of medicine itself.17Medical statistics can, therefore, be considered a specific part of biostatistics. In fact, biostatistics focuses on the development and use of statistical methods to solve problems and to answer questions that arise in human biology and medicine.28 Vital statistics, population growth studies and forecasting, multivariate analysis and other quantitative methods in causal research, design and analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials, human genetics and epidemiology or record linkage rely largely on biostatistical methodology.
Biostatistics
Published in Arkadiy Pitman, Oleksandr Sverdlov, L. Bruce Pearce, Mathematical and Statistical Skills in the Biopharmaceutical Industry, 2019
Arkadiy Pitman, Oleksandr Sverdlov, L. Bruce Pearce
The term medical statistics is widely used in the UK, whereas biostatistics is a more common term in the US. The medical statistics paper (option D) included the following topics: clinical trials, epidemiology, diagnostic tests, analysis of survival data, and health information. The biometry paper (option E) included topics in experimental design, survey methods, regression modeling, and bioassay. All these topics are highly relevant to pharmaceutical statisticians.
Conceptual and historical evolution of psychiatric nosology
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2021
Beginning in the mid-19th century, the field of medical statistics experienced burgeoning growth driven by the need for accurate reporting of hospitalizations and causes of death. The most widely used current psychiatric nosologies, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), have their roots in this tradition. Unlike earlier taxonomies, these systems were developed by large organizations (thereby necessitating consensus between multiple stakeholders) for pragmatic purposes and incorporated elements of prior taxonomies. Other contemporary taxonomies, such as the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM) and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), were created partly in response to the limitations of the DSM and ICD and are addressed subsequently.
Introducing primary care research teaching in Ukraine: description and evaluation of the ‘ABC’ research methods course
Published in Education for Primary Care, 2021
Michael Harris, Andriy Kolesnyk, Gordon Taylor, Pavlo Kolesnyk
Participants wrote that they had decided to do the course because they lacked primary care research skills, and they wanted to get an international perspective on research. Many wanted to learn about medical statistics. The best things about the course were thought to be the interactive and innovative teaching methods, the ability for participants to express their own feelings and ideas, and the teaching on statistics and qualitative research. Possibilities for improvement included having more teaching on statistics and literature review skills. Some commented that, as a result of the course, they realised that family medicine research in Ukraine tended to be too complex. They thought that the course’s international perspective was valuable, and they became aware of the mistakes in their own previous research work.
Western diets are not responsible for chronic acid retention: a critical analysis of organic acid and phosphate contribution
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2018
The data from Tables 1 and 5 of the original papers are presented as means ± SD, from which the authors could calculate the statistical significance for NBb(W) using the ‘t’ test for paired data. As regards, Table 2 neither mean values nor SD are reported in the original paper. From the data of the original paper, reported in Table 3, we could calculate means and SDs, from which Welch’s unpaired t test for non-homogenous variances and t test for paired data have been derived. No statistical test could be applied to the NBb(W) reported in Table 4, in that we could utilize the mean values of the original data, but not the corresponding SD [23]. Only p values <.05 have been considered significant. The statistical analysis has been performed using Stat Soft medical Statistics [25].