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Using Meta-Analysis to Plan Further Research
Published in Christopher H. Schmid, Theo Stijnen, Ian R. White, Handbook of Meta-Analysis, 2020
Claire Rothery, Susan Griffin, Hendrik Koffijberg, Karl Claxton
Studies often conclude with the recommendation that further research is needed. However, this statement is often not supported by any quantitative assessment of the need or consequences if the research is not undertaken. In this chapter, we have shown that a simple extension of standard results of meta-analysis can be used to provide an indication of the scale of the health benefits of further research. These estimates can be used to assess whether the proposed research is potentially worthwhile compared with the costs of conducting the research and relative to the benefits and costs of other research proposals competing for the same limited resources. This can start to inform the questions posed in research prioritization and commissioning decisions by identifying where and what type of research would be most valuable. It can also start to inform other important policy questions including whether the widespread use of an intervention should be encouraged based on the balance of existing evidence and whether sufficient resources are being devoted to evaluative research.
Methodological annexe
Published in Mehrunisha Suleman, Islam and Biomedical Research Ethics, 2020
There are numerous limitations in relation to the methods employed for the empirical study. I defined the “Muslim world” and restricted the sampling of potential sites to countries within the OIC. The OIC is comprised of countries that have a substantial Muslim population. Excluding the significant minorities of Muslims that live within Europe, North America and India from the sampling frame limits the generalizability of the findings of this research and points to a need for research within these other contexts. The study was also limited to two case study sites. Further research is needed in other OIC countries to investigate the role of Islam on biomedical research ethics and assess the extent to which the findings in this study are transferable to different sites.
Distribution and Characteristics of Brain Dopamine
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
Another approach has been the use of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These have shown a remarkable therapeutic power in animal models of PD, given their differentiation competence, migratory capacity, and the production of bioactive molecules [13]. The results of MSC therapy in animal models and some clinical trials suggested that this form of cellular therapy may slow progression of the disease and could promote neuro-regeneration. However, further research is needed to address the limitations of this transplantation prior to eventual clinical application.
Social support among older adults in group physical activity programs
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2023
Chantelle Zimmer, Meghan H. McDonough, Jennifer Hewson, Ann M. Toohey, Cari Din, Peter R. E. Crocker, Erica V. Bennett
This study adds to the existing literature by highlighting specific social support behaviors that promote and sustain older adults’ engagement in group physical activity programs in the presence and absence of adversity. The use of Feeney and Collins’ (2015) social support theory deepened the interpretation of the findings by helping us focus on the actions people take to support others. However, it was difficult to clearly delineate between the support functions of some behaviors as the authors have done in their framework. Further research is needed to address the limitations of our study, which include conducting observations and interviews at a single time point. Multiple data collection sessions would enable us to understand how older adults’ social relationships and support in group physical activity programs change over time and with individual circumstances. Prolonged engagement with participants could also reveal discrepancies across data sources and more nuanced understandings of their experiences.
Mapping HIV risk trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood: a life-course study among unmarried urban Indian youth
Published in AIDS Care, 2022
Ritu Parchure, Shrinivas Darak, Trupti Darak, Vinay Kulkarni
In our study, men with attributes indicating difficult childhood (father being dependent on alcohol), marginalized sexual identities (gay and bisexual people) were likely to belong to high-risk clusters. Women reporting childhood experiences of sexual abuse (CSA) were likely to belong to the “Late rising high risk” cluster. The study further adds to the evidence establishing the link between CSA, child maltreatment, and a higher risk of HIV. There could be several pathways through which abusive experiences during childhood can act. It can affect children's psychological well-being, self-concept, and affective capacities, further impacting later behaviors. (Collin-Vézina et al., 2013; Shamu et al., 2019) Our study also highlights the association of substance use (alcohol and marijuana) with high-risk behaviors, an important risk factor, among many others, on the developmental trajectory. (Boislard P & Poulin, 2011; Murphy et al., 2009; Tinsley et al., 2004) More research is needed to explore this correlation among sexual minorities, a critical HRG for HIV. Such analysis was not possible in this study due to the minuscule number of non-heterosexual identities. Apart from substance use, many life events that happen over the life course (such as living arrangement, migration) that can impact the behaviors were not assessed in the current analysis. Further research is needed to understand their role.
Management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A survey of Canadian respirologists
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2020
Lee M. Fidler, Karen E. A. Burns, Lianne Singer, Alex Kiss, Shane Shapera, Matthew B. Stanbrook
Although it is not approved in Canada, 5% of Respirologists reported recommending dual antifibrotic treatment in the setting of lung function decline. The use of dual antifibrotic is enticing, as both medications have differing mechanisms of action and may have synergistic therapeutic effects. An interest in dual antifibrotic therapy has led to several studies evaluating the safety and tolerability of combined pirfenidone and nintedanib treatment.25,26 Although dual antifibrotic therapy was reported to have a manageable safety profile, a higher rate of gastrointestinal side-effects was seen with combination therapy.25 Further research is needed before this treatment strategy can be widely recommended or is likely to receive government funding.