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Writing Successful Grant Proposals
Published in Lynne M. Bianchi, Research during Medical Residency, 2022
Lynne M. Bianchi, Kristin A. Juhasz
The specific aims briefly set up the problem to be addressed. State each specific aim (objective) of your study and the approaches you will use. If using an experimental study design, articulate the specific hypothesis you will test. Explain why it is essential to conduct this research and highlight why your research team is ideally suited for the proposed project. Convey enthusiasm as you emphasize the originality and significance of the work. This section should leave reviewers eager to hear your detailed plans.
Introduction and Brief History of Structural Equation Modeling for Health and Medical Research
Published in Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle, Structural Equation Modeling for Health and Medicine, 2021
Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle
A quasi-experimental study typically involves intervention research or the collection of multiple measures prospectively, but study participants are not randomly assigned. Survey studies or clinical research studies with treatment and control groups but no randomization (non-equivalent groups) could be categorized as a quasi-experiment. We summarize these three main types of studies in Table 1.1.
Quantitative Methods for Analyzing Experimental Studies in Patient Ergonomics Research
Published in Richard J. Holden, Rupa S. Valdez, The Patient Factor, 2021
Kapil Chalil Madathil, Joel S. Greenstein
The purpose of this chapter is to show patient ergonomics researchers how to apply some of the basic quantitative methods used to summarize and analyze the data collected from experimental studies. Patient ergonomics research studies the needs of patients and other nonprofessionals who perform health-related work, followed by the design, development, and evaluation of interventions relevant to specific patient populations, environments, and conditions. An experimental study, typically conducted during the intervention development and evaluation phases, consists of collecting a series of observations from participants in a simulated or real-world setting while deliberately manipulating specific variables to answer a particular research question. Both quantitative and qualitative data result from such patient ergonomics studies. Statistical techniques are used to enable patient ergonomics researchers to summarize and describe the quantitative data, subsequently enabling them to make confidence judgments regarding trends and relationships.
Clinical Services Addressing Violent Extremism: The Quebec Model
Published in International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2023
Cécile Rousseau, Rochelle Frounfelker, Cindy Ngov, Anne Crocker
Our study has some limitations which should be noted or addressed. The use of cross-sectional data obtained from a retrospective chart review precluded claims of causality regarding the relationships observed between certain variables. Although experimental study designs, in particular randomized controlled trials, would be ideal in order to evaluate program effectiveness, this is not possible given ethical issues around withholding much-needed services from at-risk individuals and lack of alternative evidence-based treatment. Case-control studies may also not be feasible given the challenges of identifying appropriate comparison groups. Additionally, relying on a chart review means that data is not based on self-report of patients engaged in services, who may have a different perspective on their experiences related to social grievances and social integration in particular. Finally, study findings are situated within the sociocultural context of Quebec and Canada, meaning that results may not be generalizable to populations in other settings.
Improvement in chrono-nutrition is associated with robust weight loss outcomes: An extension of the feasibility study
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
F. H. Mazri, Z. A. Manaf, S. Shahar, A. F. Mat Ludin, N. A. Karim
The strength of this study is that the changes in the chrono-nutrition domain following the intervention were discussed in great detail. This study provided some insights toward further understanding of the link between chrono-nutrition and weight loss. Nonetheless, some limitations should be considered in interpreting our findings. This experimental study lacks a control group, which warrants the replication of the present findings by randomized control trial with an active control group to support the current findings. Next, this study only recorded single meal timing data (participants reported their average mealtime for each meal). Hence, the analysis does not consider the day-to-day variation in meal timing, especially the differences in mealtime between work and free days. Therefore, the future replication of this study needs to quantify the differences in mealtime and temporal energy intake pattern between work and free days for a better understanding of the chrono-nutrition practices.
The effect of simvastatin on gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 mRNA in rat hepatic tissues
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Abbas Nezhadebrahimi, Hamid Sepehri, Mehrdad Jahanshahi, Majid Marjani, Abdoljalal Marjani
This study was the experimental study. Male Wistar albino rats were put in a cage (eight rats per cage) in an atmosphere of 50 ± 10%, relative humidity at 23 ± 10 °C and with a 12 h light and a 12 h dark. Rats (age: 4–5 weeks and weight: 100–110 g) were free to eat and drink food and water. The Wistar albino rats were obtained from the Pasteur Institute of Iran. Animal care, feeding, and housing were done in our laboratory environment in the above-mentioned conditions. After one week adapting of rats to the laboratory environment, animals were divided into four groups (Each group: 8 rats). According to resource equation method (Festing and Altman 2002) for calculation of sample size for animal studies, we determined the sample size:Group 1 Control (G1): standard laboratory diet (30–60 kcal/gr, 13% calories from fat, 25% calories from protein, and 62% calories from carbohydrate) without simvastatin for 10 weeks.Group 2 (G2): High-Fat Diet (HFD) and without simvastatin for 10 weeks.Group 3 (G3): High-Fat Diet (HFD) and simvastatin 2 mg/kg of body weight/day for 10 weeks.Group 4 (G4): High-Fat Diet (HFD) and simvastatin 20 mg/kg of body weight/day for 10 weeks.