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Current trends in sexual assault medical forensic exams and examiners
Published in Rachel E. Lovell, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Sexual Assault Kits and Reforming the Response to Rape, 2023
Julie L. Valentine, Nancy R. Downing
The ability to develop probative DNA analysis findings is also dependent upon the type of DNA analysis methods employed by publicly funded crime laboratories. Crime laboratories conduct short-tandem repeat (STR) DNA tests, as this is the current standard DNA testing method that develops DNA profiles that could be admissible into the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) (Federal Bureau of Investigation, n.d.). Some crime laboratories also use STR testing methods specific to the Y-chromosome or male chromosome, referred to as Y-STR tests. Y-STR analysis can potentially develop helpful DNA information when less biologic material is available than is needed for traditional STR analysis in sexual assault cases (Purps et al., 2015). Y-STR profiles are not as discriminating as traditional STR testing methods but can aid in identifying families through the male lineage. For more information on forensic testing of SAKs when they get to the lab, see Chapter 16.
Principles of forensic science and crime scene investigation
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
The Y-STR DNA technique uses the same STR-based technology as standard DNA profiling but looks at a number of STRs on the Y-chromosome (i.e., only from males). This can be extremely useful in cases of sexual assault when amounts of male DNA are very low compared with female within a sample and it is difficult to separate the two. Results would be expected to be the same in related males.
Genetic analysis of 23 Y-STR loci in the Va population from Yunnan Province, Southwest China
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2023
Jing Yuan, Lei Huang, Yuan Yin, Xiufeng Zhang
For most of its length, the Y chromosome is uniparentally inherited and escapes recombination. Thus, variation arises only by the sequential accumulation of new mutations, reflecting the history of paternal lineage. Recently, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) polymorphism has become increasingly interesting, not only for population genetics or evolutionary studies but also for forensics, particularly in cases where standard autosomal DNA profiling is not informative. Haplotypes composed of Y-STRs are very useful both for excluding suspects from involvement in a crime by demonstrating non-matching haplotypes and for identifying groups of male relatives belonging to the same paternal lineage by demonstrating haplotype matches (Leite et al. 2008; Huang et al. 2011). The PowerPlex Y23 (Promega Corporation) system has been used to investigate approximately 100,000 Y-STR reference databases from various populations around the world on the YHRD website, however, population data for the Chinese Va are lacking, and the genetic relationships between the Va minority and other Chinese populations or adjacent Asian populations are unclear. In this study, we presented allele frequencies and haplotype distribution of 23 Y-STR loci in the Va group from Yunnan Province, China, and compared pairwise genetic distances with the other populations.
Genetic polymorphisms and phylogenetic characteristics of Tibeto-Burman-speaking Lahu population from southwest China based on 41 Y-STR loci
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2023
Chongchong Xu, Wei Wei, Mingxin Zuo, Wu Zuo, Kuan Li, Xinqing Lian, Shixu Wang, Xuemei Zhou, Xiufeng Zhang, Shurong Zhong
The Y-STR on the non-recombining part of the Y-chromosome with paternally inheritable capability is a valuable tool in the investigation of human evolution, population history, genealogy, forensics, and male medical genetics (Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2017). At present, the forensic-related Y-STR data in the Chinese Lahu population are still poorly understood. Therefore, to enrich the genetic data of the Y-STR and establish a Y-STR reference database of Lahu population male individuals of Yunnan Province in China, we first applied the YanHuangYDatabaseTyping kit (Shenzhen Huada Forensic Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China) to genotype the haplotypes in 299 unrelated healthy Lahu male individuals residing in Yunnan Province. Furthermore, we explored the phylogenetic relationships between the Lahu population and other reported populations.
Forensic characteristics and genetic substructure analysis of the Handan Han population, Northern China
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2023
Chi-Zao Wang, Lan-Hai Wei, Jia-Shuo Zhang, Xue-Er Yu, Ru-Feng Bai, Hui Li, Mei-Sen Shi, Shu-Hua Ma
The allele frequencies and the gene diversity (GD) values for 36 Y-STR loci are summarised in Table S3. 407 alleles were detected across the 36 Y-STR loci, with frequencies between 0.0014 and 0.7041. Among 30 single-copy loci, DYS449 was the most informative locus with the GD of 0.8743. The three multi-copy Y-STRs, DYS385a/b, DYF387S1 a/b and DYS527a/b were the most diverse markers with GD values of 0.9642, 0.9483 and 0.9437, respectively. The Y-STRs haplotype distributions and Y-SNP of the Handan Han population are listed in Table S4. A total of 729 unique Y-STR haplotypes were found in the 730 Handan Han samples, of which 728(99.73%) were distinct. To evaluate the utility of the new markers for forensic casework, haplotype-based analyses were repeated for various subsets of Y-STRs, namely, Yfiler® marker panel (17 loci), Yfiler® Plus marker panel (27 loci), and DNATyperTM 36Y marker panel (Table S5). Overall, an increase in the number of analysed Y-STR markers decreased the number of shared haplotypes and increased the number of unique haplotypes. These results indicate that the DNATyperTM 36Y kit offers excellent discrimination capabilities and may be useful in forensic investigations and paternal lineage identification in Han populations.