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Diabetes
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
There is urgent need for more research with people of South Asian origin to better understand the factors which contribute to the higher rates of type 2 diabetes. An in-depth report (Khunti et al., 2009) recommended that research needs to enable greater participation in research by those of South Asian ethnicitystudy large cohorts of South Asians born in the UK over time to identify risksunderstand health-related behaviour such as diet, physical activity and smoking within the South Asian cultureunderstand how best to deliver culturally sensitive healthcare, including screening for diabetes and its complications during pregnancy(Khunti et al., 2009)
Adherence in Ethnic Minorities : The Case of South Asians in Britain
Published in Lynn B. Myers, Kenny Midence, Adherence to Treatment in Medical Conditions, 2020
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is a disease for which South Asians have high levels of absolute and relative risk. It is estimated to be about five times higher in South Asians than in Europeans; and in the UK “by the age of 55 years about 20% of South Asian men and women are diabetic” (McKeigue and Chaturvedi, 1996). The successful management of diabetes not only involves patients in regular and frequent assessments of bodily state through precise measurement but also in dietary change which many patients find oppressive and difficult. See Warren and Hixenbaugh, Chapter 16 for a discussion of adults with diabetes. Low rates of adherence to the diabetic regime are common for patients in general (Shillitoe and Miles, 1989) and some research suggests that dietary adherence is particularly difficult for South Asian patients. Commenting on an adherence survey by Samanta et al. (1987), Burden (1993) writes that “the results were frankly shocking: sugar was taken freely by many people, and there were high fat and calorie intakes”.
Obesity
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
Large amounts of abdominal fat seem to predispose people to diabetes and heart disease. The increase in heart disease may be largely a consequence of the predisposition to diabetes. South Asians seem to be particularly prone to diabetes and heart disease and have higher WHR than Caucasians at any given BMI (see Chapter 19). The fat cells in the abdominal cavity have different metabolic characteristics and hormone receptor profiles to those of fat cells taken from subcutaneous sites. The abdominal fat cells of obese women have fewer insulin receptors and the receptors have a lower affinity for insulin compared to fat cells taken from a subcutaneous site in the same women. Thus high levels of abdominal obesity predispose individuals to type-2 diabetes, and several of the other adverse health consequences of abdominal obesity are probably secondary to this increased risk of diabetes.
The experiences of Indian people living in New Zealand with stroke
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Pritpal Singh, Prasath Jayakaran, Ramakrishnan Mani, Leigh Hale
The theme: “Family and support” illustrates the significant role of family; however, this was not a substitute for professional support with the family also being perceived as a barrier to practical support by one participant. In NZ, Māori, Pacific and Asian people are more likely to be living at home with family and be more dependent post-stroke [38,39]. Increased dependence in these groups may be due to their cultural beliefs, attitudes towards stroke and the role of the family as primary carers of the stroke survivor where independence may not be a priority [40–42]. Interestingly, in a UK study on the experiences of South Asian carers for someone with a long-term disability, societal attitudes towards disability and the fear of obligation prevented carers seeking and accepting outside help [41]. Health condition associated social stigma has also shown to be prevalent amongst South Asians in other studies [42,43]. Whilst, the presence of social stigma in seeking help outside the family was not overt in our study, two participants did not want anyone outside the family to know of their stroke.
Association between the combined fat mass and fat-free mass index and hypertension: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-based Cohort Study
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2021
Masato Takase, Tomohiro Nakamura, Naho Tsuchiya, Mana Kogure, Fumi Itabashi, Akira Narita, Takumi Hirata, Naoki Nakaya, Yohei Hamanaka, Junichi Sugawara, Kichiya Suzuki, Nobuo Fuse, Akira Uruno, Eiichi N Kodama, Shinichi Kuriyama, Ichiro Tsuji, Shigeo Kure, Atsushi Hozawa
The FFMI was associated with the prevalence of hypertension as reported in a previous study of South Indians (15). The FFMI differed between four ethnic groups: Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, and Asian. African Americans had the highest FFMI, while Asians had the lowest FFMI (22). South Asians also had more body fat and less skeletal muscle mass than Caucasians (23). In this study, we investigated the association between the FFMI and the prevalence of hypertension in Japan. Our results were consistent with those of a previous study (15). The mechanism underlying the relationship between the FFMI and hypertension is unknown. However, it has been reported that FFM increment by exercise training was associated with increment of the left ventricle mass and the wall thickness (24). Further study has also reported that the increase FFM associated with increased total left ventricular mass increase in obesity (25). Therefore, the possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between FFMI and hypertension might be due to increased left ventricular mass and the wall thickness Further studies are warranted to clarify the mechanism underlying the association between the FFMI and BP.
Validation of the cardiovascular risk model NORRISK 2 in South Asians and people with diabetes
Published in Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2021
Kjersti Stormark Rabanal, Jannicke Igland, Grethe Seppola Tell, Anne Karen Jenum, Tor Ole Klemsdal, Inger Ariansen, Haakon Eduard Meyer, Randi Marie Selmer
Type 2 diabetes is an important factor for the high cardiovascular risk in South Asians [13,29], and models that do not take diabetes or South Asian ethnicity into account might underestimate their risk. Both the NORRISK 2 and NORRISK 2-SADia models discriminated well with similar Harrell’s C-values. However, c-statistics are insensitive measures for model selection [30]. The calibration showed that our NORRISK 2-SADia model improved risk prediction in South Asians compared to NORRISK 2. However, we found similar predicted risk estimates from NORRISK 2-SADia and the NORRISK 2 model multiplied with 1.5 in South Asian men without diabetes (Table 2). This conforms to similar percentages categorized as being at high risk for South Asians without diabetes according to these two models (Appendix Table 5 in supplementary materials), suggesting that the Norwegian guidelines are reasonable in this group. To test if NORRISK 2-SADia is generalizable to other related populations, external validation is required [31].