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Paediatric Neurology
Published in John W. Scadding, Nicholas A. Losseff, Clinical Neurology, 2011
Polymicrogyria and schizencephaly often occur together and may be a consequence of a number of genetic and environmental causes. In schizencephaly, clefts lined with grey matter extend through the cerebral hemisphere from the ependymal lining of the lateral ventricles to the pial lining of the cortex. Clefts may be unilateral or bilateral and may present with seizures, variable degree of learning difficulties or hemiparesis, depending on the extent and location of the malformation. Several bilateral polymicrogyria syndromes are now well described of which the best known is the bilateral perisylvian syndrome. Patients present with a pseudobulbar palsy – usually with significant feeding difficulties – and epilepsy. It is now well recognized that some children with polymicrogyria will develop electrical status in sleep (ESES), which has a good prognosis for resolution but not without cognitive impairment.
A scoping review of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) interventions in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)
Published in Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 2022
Nimisha Muttiah, Jessica Gormley, Kathryn D. R. Drager
In 10 of the 12 studies, the intervention was implemented with children, the remaining two studies were implemented with adults (Dada et al., 2019; Rajaram et al., 2012). In total, 56 children and 20 adults with complex communication needs participated in the studies. The children with complex communication needs were between the ages of 3 and 15 years of age. The child participants had a variety of diagnoses, including autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and Perisylvian syndrome. The adult participants were diagnosed with aphasia.