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Dietetics and Nutrition in Oncology Patients: Evaluation of Nutritional Status, Weight Control, and Nutrigenomics
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
The Human Genome Project has changed the research of medical sciences including nutrition. The relationship between diet and genes has been studied for years, but until there was a better development and understanding of the mechanisms that activate selected genes, this link could not be completely defined. Nutritional genomics (or nutrigenomics) consist of genomic studies that relate nutritional factors in the regulation of genes that influence cellular processes genome-wide [37,38].
Introduction
Published in Nilanjana Maulik, Personalized Nutrition as Medical Therapy for High-Risk Diseases, 2020
Nutritional genomics is a promising new research and development area and as a young and blue-sky science, it is also associated with intense debate. With high hope to many researcher’s nutritional genomics is closely associated with ‘personalized nutrition,’ in which the diet of an individual is customized based on their own genomic/genetic information, to optimize health and prevent the onset of disease. In this context ‘nutritional genomics is largely concerned with elucidating the interactive nature of genomic, dietary and environmental factors and how these interactions impact on health outcomes’ (Brown and van der Ouderaa 2007).
Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics in Cancer Prevention
Published in Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak, Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Komal Parmar, Jayvadan K. Patel
The essential components of nutritional genomics are as follows. First, diet is supposed to be the fundamental inclining factor for various diseases in some individuals. For example, saturated-fat-containing food causes cardiovascular disease and sugar-based food cause diabetes. Second component suggests that diet components influence genetic variation and consequently human genome. For example, diet contains several precursors like folate and other B vitamins for the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is a universal donor of methyl groups with an essential role in the regulation of various genes. The reduced availability of methyl donor will result in hypomethylation of DNA, affecting the regulation of gene expression. Third component demonstrates the possibility of influence of genetic variation, which can further help explain the balance between health and diet (Arkadianos et al. 2007). Fourth component includes information about the fact that the genes that are dependent on dietary constituents for their regulation may have a role in triggering, development, and progression of chronic illness.
Personalized Nutrition: Translating the Science of NutriGenomics Into Practice: Proceedings From the 2018 American College of Nutrition Meeting
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Okezie I Aruoma, Sharon Hausman-Cohen, Jessica Pizano, Michael A. Schmidt, Deanna M. Minich, Yael Joffe, Sebastian Brandhorst, Simon J. Evans, David M. Brady
Nutritional genomics is the study of the effects of foods and food constituents on gene expression. Nutritional genomics aims to develop a rational means to optimize nutrition through the identification of the person's genotype and this defines the relationship between nutrients and human health. Individuals cannot change their genetics, but they can eat the right foods to support genetic predispositions, take the right supplements to support gene variations, and promote normal cell function and structure. Indeed, poor diet can be a risk factor of disease. Given that dietary components can alter gene expression and that the degree to which diet influences health and disease depend upon an individuals genetic make up, the use of pharmacogenomics technologies should be well defined in order to fully embrace their potential application for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. There are many inroads ahead in this realization.
From Food for Survival to Food for Personalized Optimal Health: A Historical Perspective of How Food and Nutrition Gave Rise to Nutrigenomics
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Nutrition has been transformed from covering the basic need for survival to the development of optimized personalized diets to yield maximal health. Nutritional genomics technologies are developing toward integration with databases of genomic sequences, interindividual genetic variability, and disease susceptibility. By this knowledge, elucidation of the role of nutrients on hypertension, cancer, CVD, diabetes, and other life-threatening diseases is sought. In a subsequent step, design of functional foods stemming from nutrigenomics research is possible to prevent or reduce onset and impact of complex diseases, such as T2DM, CVD, and quite possibly some forms of cancers. To what extent the promised contributions of nutrigenomics will be delivered remains debatable, with mixed results and no clear consensus. Whether food products can be tailored to promote the health and well-being of groups in the population identified on the basis of individual genomes is theoretically possible yet practically still unattainable. Complexity of genome–genome and genome–environment interactions, complexity of metabolic diseases, as well as population-wide genetic variation are issues that all pose significant challenges regarding the application and/or translation of nutrigenomics research. More research, especially translational research, is warranted, along with effective science communication through thoughtful public/official statements from experts to further advance the science of nutrigenomics in a responsible and beneficial towards the public manner.
Personalized Nutrition in Disrupting Cancer — Proceedings From the 2017 American College of Nutrition Annual Meeting
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Taylor C. Wallace, Scott Bultman, Chris D’Adamo, Carrie R. Daniel, Justine Debelius, Emily Ho, Heather Eliassen, Dawn Lemanne, Purna Mukherjee, Thomas N. Seyfried, Qiang Tian, Linda T. Vahdat
The rapidly advancing field of nutritional genetics offers great promise for personalized nutrition in clinical practice. Nutritional genetics is the umbrella term for the field that covers two distinct phenomena: nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Nutrigenetics evaluates the impact that our genes have on our body’s response to nutrition. Nutrigenomics assesses the impact that nutrition has on the expression of our genes. As such, nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are often considered the “two sides of the coin” of nutritional genetics.