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Osteoarthritis
Published in Jason Liebowitz, Philip Seo, David Hellmann, Michael Zeide, Clinical Innovation in Rheumatology, 2023
Marc C. Hochberg, Virginia Byers Kraus, Stefan Lohmander, Ali Guermazi, Frank W. Roemer, Ali Mobasheri
Biochemical markers (also called molecular markers, signature molecules, or biomarkers) are biological molecules found in body fluids or tissues that may be used as indicators of physiological and pathophysiological processes. They can be defined as “a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention” (77). Biomarkers may be used to see how well patients respond to new treatments and interventions for a disease or condition. In OA, biomarkers may be used to understand disease pathogenesis, study progression, and define the molecular endotypes (78, 79). Biomarkers have been used very effectively to identify molecular endotypes and clinical phenotypes in other disease areas. For example, in asthma, biomarkers have been used to identify phenotypes and endotypes that characterize severe asthma (80, 81). However, in the field of OA, we are lagging behind and need to catch up in order to enhance clinical trials and facilitate drug development. Biomarkers of early OA represent a major unmet need, and more research needs to be done to identify biomarkers that characterize early events in the pathogenesis of OA.
Medicinal Plants: Future Thrust Areas and Research Directions
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Different types of markers like restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), simple sequence repeats (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers are used for validation purpose in MAPs. DNA barcodes using second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region are used for discriminating medicinal plant species (Pang and Chen, 2014). RAPD analysis was used for evaluation of genetic relationships in several medicinal plant species. ISSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity in many of the medicinal plants. Molecular markers can be employed to characterize any phenotypic trait, biochemical, and/or physiological mechanisms. The direct measurement of such traits can be simultaneously mapped. The number of loci controlling genetic variation of any important agronomic trait(s) in segregating population can be estimated, and the map positions of these loci in the genome be determined by means of molecular linkage genetic maps and QTL mapping technology.
Engaging Patients with Personal Health IT for Quality
Published in Jan Oldenburg, Dave Chase, Kate T. Christensen, Brad Tritle, Engage!, 2020
Quality is becoming an even greater focus as medical practitioners and patients face more decisions that must be made in less time. Advances in personalized medicine will bring more molecular markers to test and consider during diagnosis, treatment, and care planning with each patient. Patients and providers may need extra time to make informed decisions and to keep up with new knowledge, fueling the demand for enhanced provider and patient decision support tools. Visit time may be further overloaded as practice demands increase, sicker patients are discharged from hospitals earlier, and more complex care is provided to outpatients. With accountable care contracts, providers are assuming greater responsibility and risk for the resource usage of a panel of patients, so quality, cost, and the patient experience will receive even more focus.
Molecular analysis and favorable clinical outcomes in real-world patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Frede Donskov, Cathy Anne Pinto, Raluca Predoiu, Claire Fox, Jeanette Baehr Georgsen, Katrine Skaarup, Mehmet Burcu, Rodolfo Perini, Torben Steiniche
When evaluating the correlation among biomarkers, we saw remarkable overlap for patients with ccRCC and nccRCC with positive biomarker associations among immune biomarkers (PD-L1 CPS, PD-L2 CPS, PD-L2 mRNA, and T-cell-inflamed GEP) and among angiogenic biomarkers (angiogenesis, HIF-2a). This might explain the clinical benefit of I-O and VEGF combination therapies in ccRCC patients [8–12,29] and nccRCC patients [30]. There was also a greater number of biomarker correlations observed for nccRCC than for ccRCC; notably, the additional correlation of angiogenesis signature with hypoxia, glycolysis, and stromal/EMG/TGFbeta signatures. Such differences may underscore the heterogeneity of nccRCC and more limited clinical benefit with use of VEGF monotherapy. Notably, we also found generally higher expression levels of angiogenic, immunologic, and metabolic RNA-based biomarkers in ccRCC than in nccRCC patients which may correlate with the degree response for treatments targeting these pathways for patients with different histology subtypes. The distinction between ccRCC and nccRCC has traditionally been conducted based on morphology and immunochemistry markers, but without integrating molecular information. Further research integrating molecular markers is needed in a larger cohort of patients.
Molecular Nodal Restaging Based on CEACAM5, FGFR2b and PTPN11 Expression Adds No Relevant Clinical Information in Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Ivan Macia, Gemma Aiza, Ricard Ramos, Ignacio Escobar, Francisco Rivas, Anna Ureña, Samantha Aso, Gabriela Rosado, Pau Rodriguez-Taboada, Carlos Deniz, Ernest Nadal, Gabriel Capella
In patients diagnosed with non-metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accurate assessment of the disease status of the mediastinal lymph nodes is crucial to select the most appropriate radical treatment approach, either surgery or combined chemoradiotherapy. Nodal status is therefore an essential component of lung cancer staging and molecular staging is expected to improve the identification of occult micrometastases. However, molecular markers must meet with two requirements in order to be utilized: 1) the marker must be overexpressed relative to expression levels detected in the thoracic lymph nodes in healthy individuals; and 2) this molecular alteration, when present in the primary, must be associated with an increased risk of recurrence and mortality. In this scenario the tumor marker depicts the presence of neoplastic cells in the lymph nodes with clinically-relevant implications.
New insights into the progression from cutaneous lupus to systemic lupus erythematosus
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2020
Wenhui Zhou, Haijing Wu, Ming Zhao, Qianjin Lu
Although CLE-onset patients are at risk for developing SLE, it is important to reassure patients who are newly diagnosed with CLE that few will experience progression into SLE. Those with predominantly skin disease do not automatically progress to severe disease; instead, the majority have mild SLE. Periodic follow-up is vital to monitor for systemic involvement, although limited prognostic indicators of the risk of progression to SLE have been reported. Of note, there are no quantifiable molecular markers that can accurately predict CLE patients who will suffer systemic involvement. The identification of biomarkers is particularly important because the development of molecular markers occurs before laboratory abnormalities or systemic symptoms appear. We suggest the need for prospective and longitudinal studies with large groups in the future to investigate CLE patients with and without SLE to identify clinical features and biomarkers that can comprehensively characterize high-risk patients and prevent the transition of the disease to the systemic form.