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Bioenergetics
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
Although blood glucose is preferentially used, slow glycolysis can use either blood glucose or muscle glycogen as an energy source. Aerobic or slow glycolysis is a result of mitochondria activity being sufficient to accept the two NADH produced during glycolysis (Pasteur effect (161, 187) (Figure 2.5). An additional six ATP can be created resulting from the entrance of the two NADH into the electron transport system. During slow (aerobic) glycolysis, pyruvate can enter the mitochondrial matrix via a localized carrier mechanism in the outer and inner membranes (35, 51, 186). Two proteins are believed to be involved in pyruvate mitochondrial transport, mitochondrial pyruvate carriers MPC1 and MPC2 form a hetero-oligomeric complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane to facilitate pyruvate transport (186). In this manner, pyruvate can lose a carboxyl group (as CO2) and be made available for oxidation.
MSDC-0602K, a metabolic modulator directed at the core pathology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2018
Jerry R. Colca, William G McDonald, Wade J. Adams
Recently, a new binding site for the anti-diabetic TZDs was discovered to be the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) [9,10]. The MPC is composed of two major subunits known as mpc1 and mpc2, it serves as the main connection between non-oxidative and oxidative metabolism, and it is well-conserved from yeast to man [11–14]. The expression of the MPC proteins are increased in animals given a high fat diet [15], and elimination (selective knockout) of either mpc1 [16] or mpc2 [17] in the liver parenchymal cells protects against the liver damage produced by a high fat diet. Thus, there is strong evidence that the MPC plays a role in animal models of fatty liver disease.
Effect of spexin on renal dysfunction in experimentally obese rats: potential mitigating mechanisms via galanin receptor-2
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Mervat H. El-Saka, Rehab E. Abo El Gheit, Amira El Saadany, Ghada Mahmoud Alghazaly, Karima E. Marea, Nermin M. Madi
On the other hand, SPX treatment dramatically diminished the enhanced PC, MPC1 and hydroxyproline with concomitant notable restoration of the reduced levels of GSH, IFNγ and IL-10 to their normal values. It was worthwhile to note that M871 notably prohibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of SPX on renal tissue in our obese rat model.
Current and emerging gluconeogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Mitochondrial processes are key to cellular energetics, and there has been progress in understanding the organization of these processes. The mitochondrial pyruvate carriers (MPC1, MPC2) transport pyruvate across the mitochondrial membrane thus promoting gluconeogenesis [105]. They are downregulated by the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone.