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Chemosensory Disorders and Nutrition
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Nutrition and Sensation, 2023
Carl M. Wahlstrom, Alan R. Hirsch, Bradley W. Whitman
The impaired olfactory abilities among the elderly imply impaired flavor abilities since odor forms a large component of the sense of “taste.” This may explain why the elderly consume an unbalanced diet, such as one lacking in vegetables. Green peppers, for instance, have a bitter taste and a pleasant odor, but to the elderly, they merely taste bitter, making it unlikely that elderly people would eat them. The same is true with other green leafy vegetables, leading to avoidance of these foods with the secondary effects of vitamin deficiency states or constipation.
An Overview of Molecular Nutrition
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Vincent W. Li, Catherine Ward, Delaney K. Schurr
Vitamin K1, or phytomenadione, is the most common form of vitamin K in the diet and is found mainly in green leafy vegetables. It’s most commonly known for its role in blood clotting. There is another less recognized form of vitamin K known as vitamin K2 (menaquinone) that is particularly notable for its antiangiogenic properties. In 2009, a research group in Japan found that vitamin K2 was capable of suppressing blood vessel growth and through this mechanism also suppressing colon cancer cells (Kayashima et al., 2009). Another study demonstrated this antiangiogenic effect in prostate cancer cells (Samykutty et al., 2013). Vitamin K2 is found in specific age-ripened hard cheeses like Gouda, Edam, and Müenster cheese but not in other cheeses such as feta, mozzarella, Pecorino, or Parmesan (Vermeer et al., 2018).
Food Interactions, Sirtuins, Genes, Homeostasis, and General Discussion
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Warfarin is an anticoagulant drug used to treat blood clots such as vein thrombosis and pulmonary thrombosis, and to prevent stroke in cardiac patients. The most notorious food-drug interaction regarding warfarin occurs with green, leafy vegetables, due to their rich vitamin K content (24). Vitamin K is used for blood coagulation and to treat or prevent hemorrhage. Warfarin and vitamin K present in vegetable foods have opposite mechanisms of action. Increasing vitamin K-rich food intake will result in reducing the efficacy of warfarin (24). Therefore, people under warfarin therapy are advised to consume leafy vegetables moderately for the good efficacy of warfarin therapy. Soy milk, char grilled foods, and sushi containing seaweed may also decrease the effect of warfarin (24). Cranberry juice, in contrast, can significantly potentiate the anticoagulant effects of warfarin (24). Dried goji berries may potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
Changes in Dietary Intake of Breast Cancer Survivors: Early Findings of a Malaysian Breast Cancer Prospective Cohort Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Siew Juan Kiew, Nur Aishah Mohd Taib, Tania Islam, Hazreen Abdul Majid
The low fiber and calcium intake among Malaysian breast cancer survivors could indicate inadequate vegetables, fruits, and dairy products intake. It is a common dietary issue among Malaysians. According to a study from the Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey [19], less than half (39.9% in 2003 and 43.2% in 2014) consumed green leafy vegetables, a good plant-based source for calcium and fiber. The consumption of fruit was low among Malaysian adults, where it is not included in the top ten food items consumed daily. The dairy product consumption was also low. Only 17% and 10% of Malaysian adults consumed milk in 2003 and 2014, respectively. Moreover, there is a possibility of avoiding dairy products among breast cancer survivors due to the cultural belief that milk will cause the growth or spread of cancer [7].
Characterization and neuroprotective properties of alkaloid extract of Vernonia amygdalina Delile in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Ganiyu Oboh, Bukola Christiana Adedayo, Mayowa Blessing Adetola, Idowu Sunday Oyeleye, Opeyemi Babatunde Ogunsuyi
Leafy vegetables are a significant food with numerous health benefit, reported to be rich in alkaloid – a heterocyclic organic nitrogen-containing ring, with known biological and neuropharmacological properties (Cushnie et al. 2014, Oboh et al. 2016b, Adefegha et al. 2017, Oboh et al. 2018b, 2019). Vernonia amygdalina Del. is a small shrub generally called bitter leaf (BL) because of its severe bitter taste. Its leaf is reported to be rich in polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, among others (Nwanjo 2005, Ayoola et al. 2008, Ademosun et al. 2017). The macerated leaves and the water extract are utilized in many cuisines and as a tonic drink for the prevention of diseases, such as diabetes and related metabolic diseases (Leonard et al. 2001, Farombi 2003, Izevbigie et al. 2008, Adaramoye et al.2008). However, no report on the potential effect of BLAE, regarding the management of human ailments including neuronal disorder. In this regard, this study emphasized on the in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective properties of BLAE, using a transgenic fruit fly model and scopolamine-induced amnesia rats.
Anticancer Activity of Leonurus sibiricus L.: Possible Involvement of Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Vasanth Krishnan, Selvakumar Subramaniam, Chang Chia–Chuan, Balamurugan Venkatachalam, Amal Thomas Cheeran, Huang Chi-Ying F.
Cancer becomes a major public health problem because of its significantly high rates in mortality. The majority of cancer cells turn out to be resistant to chemotherapeutic agents (22), whereas the sensitive cells undergo cell death through the induction of apoptosis (23). While considering the side effects of chemotherapy, the herbal active formulations are considered to be safe agents for treatment (24). Recently, a number of leafy plants have been shown to contain a variety of phenolic compounds that possesses anticancer activity (25). In our study, a decrease in the viability of both Huh-7 and HSC-T6 cells treated with LS-M extract indicates the presence of bioactive compounds with anticancer properties. However, LS-M treatment to hepatocytes isolated from C57BL6J mice in ex vivo showed a higher IC50 value (620 μg/ml) in comparison to lower IC50 values observed for both Huh-7 and HSC-T6 cells (unpublished data). Moreover, in our preliminary studies, we have tested the efficacy of both ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Leonurus sibiricus for its anticancer activity on HCC cell lines (HSC-T6 and Huh-7). Since methanolic extract of Leonurus sibiricus exhibited lower IC50 values (please refer results section) than the ethanolic extract (data not shown), the present study was carried out using the methanolic extract of Leonurus sibiricus.