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Plasma lipids and lipoproteins
Published in Martin Andrew Crook, Clinical Biochemistry & Metabolic Medicine, 2013
Inherited disorders of low plasma HDL concentration (hypoalphalipoproteinaemia) occur, and plasma HDL cholesterol concentration should ideally be more than 1.0 mmol/L. A number of such conditions have been described (such as apoA1 deficiency), many of which are associated with premature cardiovascular disease. In Tangier’s disease, individuals have very low levels of HDL, large, yellow tonsils, hepatomegaly and accumulation of cholesterol esters in the reticuloendothelial system. There is a defect in the ABC1 gene involved in HDL transport. The causes of a low plasma HDL cholesterol concentration are shown in Box 13.3.
Mechanisms of Fibril Formation and Cellular Response
Published in Martha Skinner, John L. Berk, Lawreen H. Connors, David C. Seldin, XIth International Symposium on Amyloidosis, 2007
Martha Skinner, John L. Berk, Lawreen H. Connors, David C. Seldin
Testicular amyloidosis resulting in azoospermia and infertility was found to be an early and almost invariable finding of the disease, indicating careful surveillance in order to evaluate the opportunity of sperm retrieval. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism develops gradually, requiring regular monitoring of gonadic function in order to start testosterone administration when necessary. Lipid studies confirmed the presence of hypoalphalipoproteinemia with a mild to moderate reduction of circulating apoA-I levels (Table 2).
Lipoprotein Metabolism and Implications for Atherosclerosis Risk Determination and Treatment Decisions
Published in P. K. Shah, Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease, 2006
H. Robert Superko, Szilard Voros, Spencer King III
Low HDL-C is not rare in the CAD population and as many as 36% of men with premature CAD have been reported to express this trait, which is a broad spectrum of overlapping disorders (85–87). Primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HALP) is seen in approximately 4% of CAD patients and, equally important, approximately 50% of the offspring appear to be affected since it is inherited in an autosomal co-dominant pattern (88). In these cases, the HDL particles are particularly small (HDL3), suggesting impaired reverse cholesterol transport and impaired antioxidation capabilities. Low HDL2 has been observed in post– myocardial infarction (MI) patients, even in the setting of “normal” risk factors (89). Low HDL2b has been associated with arteriographic severity and arteriographic progression, particularly in normotriglyceridemic patients (90). In HATS, treatment with nicotinic acid and a statin resulted in a significant increase in LpAI, which was associated with significant arteriographic benefit and reduced clinical events (91).
Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among professional drivers: a population-based study
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2023
Hossein Ebrahimi, Mina Shayestefar, Seyedeh Solmaz Talebi, Janice Christie, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi
The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was determined according to criteria set by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) criteria [38]. A total cholesterol less than 200 mg/dl was considered desired, 200-239 as borderline high, and equal to or greater than 240 mg/dl was considered hypercholesterolaemia. A plasma fasting triglyceride less than 150 mg/dl was considered normal, 150–199 mg/dl borderline high, 200–499 mg/dl high triglyceride, and more than 500 mg/dl very high. In addition, a HDL-C less than 40 mg/dl was considered Hypoalphalipoproteinaemia, while more than or equal to 40 mg/dl was regarded as Hyperlphalipoproteinaemia. Finally, LDL-C higher than 160 mg/dl was classified as high LDL-C [39]. Participants who reported that they were prescribed lipid-lowering drugs were also classified as having dyslipidaemia.
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and the risk of dyslipidemia among railway workers in southwest China: A cross-sectional study
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Chaohui Dong, Hongyun Liu, Bo Yang, Jia Pan, Lei Tang, Honglian Zeng, Shujuan Yang
As for dyslipidemia-related components, the results indicated that SWD group and ASWPD group had a higher risk of hypercholesterolemia when compared with the control group (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.01–1.26, P < 0.05; OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.10–2.66, P < 0.05). The SWD group had a higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia when compared with the control group (OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.11–1.35, P < 0.01). As for hyperbetalipoproteinemia, SWD group and ASWPD group had a higher risk when compared with the control group (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.00–1.27, P < 0.05; OR 2.08, 95%CI 1.33–3.21, P < 0.01). The risk of hypoalphalipoproteinemia were higher in the DSWPD group (OR 1.25, 95%CI 1.02–1.52, P < 0.05) and SWD (OR 1.26, 95%CI 1.07–1.49, P < 0.01) group than the control group.
Environmental and intrinsic factors shaping gut microbiota composition and diversity and its relation to metabolic health in children and early adolescents: A population-based study
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Sofia Moran-Ramos, Blanca E. Lopez-Contreras, Ricardo Villarruel-Vazquez, Elvira Ocampo-Medina, Luis Macias-Kauffer, Jennifer N. Martinez-Medina, Hugo Villamil-Ramirez, Paola León-Mimila, Blanca E. Del Rio-Navarro, Isabel Ibarra-Gonzalez, Marcela Vela-Amieva, Francisco J Gomez-Perez, Rafael Velazquez-Cruz, Jorge Salmeron, Zyanya Reyes-Castillo, Carlos Aguilar-Salinas, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
Anthropometric measurements were determined as previously described34 and included weight, height, waist and hip circumferences. All instruments were calibrated following the standard methods of the manufacturers. Blood pressure (BP; mmHg) was measured using an automatic manometer (Microlife). Body fat mass percentage was obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis (Quantum X Body Composition Analyzer, RJL Systems). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts were used as reference to determine body mass index (BMI) percentiles. Obesity status was defined as BMI percentile ≥95th, overweight between 85th and 95th percentile, normal-weight between the 5th and 85th percentile and underweight <5th BMI percentile for age and gender.68 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute reference data were used to determine BP percentiles based on height, age and gender.69 As suggested by the Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents, hypertriglyceridemia was defined as serum triglyceride levels ≥100 mg/dL in children under 10 and ≥130 mg/dL in children ≥10 y old. While hypoalphalipoproteinemia was defined as HDL levels <40 mg/dL.36 Metabolic syndrome was defined as established by De Ferranti,70 with 3 or more of the following characteristics: TG≥100 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol <50 mg/dL, BP percentiles >90, glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL and waist circumference >75th percentile.