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Poultry and Eggs
Published in Christopher Cumo, Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
The Persians, acquiring chickens from India about 400 BCE, may have taken them west to Greece.74 Trading throughout the Mediterranean, Greeks likely introduced chickens to the Romans, who castrated roosters before gorging them to enlarge, fatten, and tenderize flesh. Rome bred some chickens for food and others for fighting. By crossbreeding different types, Romans witnessed the phenomenon of heterosis (hybrid vigor), whereby offspring displayed traits superior to those of parents.
Sources of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Chlodwig Franz, Johannes Novak
Hybrid breeding—common in large-scale agricultural crops, for example, maize—was introduced into essential oil plants over the last decade only. The advantage of hybrids on the one side is that the F1 generation exceeds the parent lines in performance due to hybrid vigor and uniformity (“heterosis effect”) and on the other side it protects the plant breeder by segregating of the F2 and following generations in heterogeneous low-value populations. But it needs as precondition separate (inbred) parent lines of which one has to be male sterile and one male fertile with good combining ability.
The Reproductive Systems of Davidson’s Plum (Davidsonia jerseyana, Davidsonia pruriens and Davidsonia johnsonii) and the Potential for Domestication
Published in Yasmina Sultanbawa, Fazal Sultanbawa, Australian Native Plants, 2017
Frances Eliott, Mervyn Shepherd, Maurizio Rossetto, Robert Henry
Hybridisation has long been recognised as an important component of plant domestication (Stebbins, 1950) and is extremely valuable in crop plants, because it can provide novel genotypes and hybrid vigour. Hybrid vigour, or heterosis, describes the situation where the phenotypic performance of hybrid offspring is superior to that of their parents. Cross-pollination experiments could be undertaken to see if hybridisation is possible between Davidsonia species. Advantages could include, for example, producing novel genotypes by increasing heterozygosity in D. jerseyana. However, caution would need to be applied because gene flow from hybrids to their wild relatives is not uncommon in other species (Ellstrand et al., 1999) and therefore, if hybridisation was successful in Davidsonia species, accidental gene flow from hybrids to natural populations could further threaten the endangered species. Fortunately, this is actually unlikely to occur, because the reproductive barriers present between the Davidsonia species are likely to preclude gene flow.
Assessment of natural variability in leaf morphological and physiological traits in maize inbreds and their related hybrids during early vegetative growth
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2019
Farag Ibraheem, Eman M. El-Ghareeb
Maize growth, development, and productivity are shaped by genetic constitution of maize genotypes and their consequences on gene expression. In addition, critical environmental conditions such as soil fertility and climatic changes-related parameters such as alterations in temperature, CO2 emission, rainfalls, and drought stress can significantly affect maize growth and productivity [14]. Previous studies revealed significant differences in many growth- and physiology-related traits among parental maize inbreds and their hybrids. Hybrids usually exhibit better plant growth vigor, physiological adaptation and overall field performance than their parental inbreds and such improved performance of hybrids is attributed to heterosis (hybrid vigor) [15,16]. The impact of heterosis on plant growth and productivity can be equivalent to that of adequate fertilization [17]. The extent of heterosis is greatly influenced by the genetic diversity between their parental inbreds where greater genetic difference induces stronger heterosis [3,18,19]. In maize, heterosis is usually discussed in terms of grain yield. However, other phenotypic traits such as root growth and development, plant height, leaf features, leaf/stem biomass, flowering time and ear height can also exhibit heterosis [20–23].
A semi-parametric Bayesian approach for detection of gene expression heterosis with RNA-seq data
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2023
Heterosis, also called hybrid vigor, describes the phenotypic improvement of a hybrid offspring over its two inbred parents. Heterosis was documented by [7] and has been widely utilized in growing agricultural crops, such as rice [30], to increase development rates and grain yields. In China, hybrid rice is estimated to be planted on more than 50% of the rice farmland, and produces 10–20% more than inbred varieties [6]. However, the mechanism of heterosis is not yet well studied [5].