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HLA-DR and -DQ Serotyping
Published in M. Kam, Jeffrey L. Bidwell, Handbook of HLA TYPING TECHNIQUES, 2020
HLA-DR52, HLA-DR53, and HLA-DR51. The DR52 and DR53 specificities have absolute associations with the main DR types, therefore, confirmation of the main DR types can be provided by considering the reactions of the anti-DR52 and -DR53 reagents (see Table 5).
Overview of HIV Infection
Published in Mark J. Rosen, James M. Beck, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Lung, 1998
Although the pathogenesis of PPH is unknown, several hypotheses have been proposed. Early investigators of HIV-infected patients with hemophilia speculated that factor VIII administration caused the pulmonary arterial disease (5,8). However, later reports of patients with PPH, who had had minimal or no exposure to factor VIII, directed investigators to search elsewhere (8). Several groups speculated on a direct viral cause of disease. However, methods such as electron microscopy, immunohistochemical stains, DNA in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, failed to identify HIV or evidence of other viral particles (9). Others suggested that pulmonary hypertension results from the production of specific growth factors, or is mediated through infected T cells, causing pulmonary endothelial cell proliferation (7,8). Aarons and Nye hypothesized that pulmonary arteriopathy is a result of endothelial damage inflicted by HIV, or possibly, by the release of inflammatory mediators not yet identified (11). Morse speculated on an autoimmune basis for the disease in susceptible patients with distinct immunogenetic profiles, because the frequency of HLA-DR6 and HLA-DR52 genotypes is increased in patients with PPH and HIV infection (10). HLA-DR6 was previously reported with increased frequency in HIV-positive patients who developed diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS). This autoimmune syndrome closely resembles Sjogren’s disease and was associated with prolonged survival (10); the association and its signifigance remain unclear.
Risk factors and prognosis for recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation: a Nordic Multicentre Study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2018
Lina Lindström, Kristin K. Jørgensen, Kirsten M. Boberg, Maria Castedal, Allan Rasmussen, Andreas Arendtsen Rostved, Helena Isoniemi, Matteo Bottai, Annika Bergquist
A risk factor proposed but not analyzed in this cohort is the genetic profile, both of the donor and the recipient. Previous studies have shown that HLA-DRB1*08 in donor or recipient and absence of donor HLA DR52, future studies have to look further into genetic profiles and risk for disease recurrence.