China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Biomarkers for the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Published in Sherry X. Yang, Janet E. Dancey, Handbook of Therapeutic Biomarkers in Cancer, 2021
Weijie Ma, Sixi Wei, Eddie C. Tian, Tianhong Li
Naturally occurring Tregs express FOXP3 and act to suppress anti-tumor immune responses; therefore, the decrease of FOXP3/Tregs in patients with a positive clinical outcome supports the idea that an immune-active TME is necessary for a favorable response to ICIs. Similarly, in a previous analysis, patients who did not respond to ipilimumab tended to have a greater Treg response in peripheral blood than those who responded [62]. It is possible that a lower frequency of FOXP3/Tregs in the peripheral blood of clinical responders reflects migration to the tumor site. Surprisingly, retrospective studies of patients treated with ipilimumab or tremelimumab have shown that high baseline expression of FOXP3 within the tumor microenvironment is associated with a better prognosis [63]. In addition, the presence of CD4+FOXP3+CD25hi Tregs is also associated with poor prognosis due to the suppression effect in tumor response [64].
Primary immunodeficiency diseases
Published in Gabriel Virella, Medical Immunology, 2019
John W. Sleasman, Gabriel Virella
Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) is the result of mutation with the genes encoding FOXP3. Due to a defect in this transcriptional pathway, T-regulatory cells fail to develop, and there is an inability to generate peripheral immune tolerance. Clinical symptoms consist in development of type I diabetes in infancy, autoimmune thyroiditis, severe protein-losing enteropathy with villous atrophy, severe eczema, and autoimmune cytopenia. Even with hematopoietic bone marrow transplantation, death due to the enteropathy and autoimmune disease occurs in infancy. Diagnosis is based on the absence of intracellular expression FOXP3 on blood CD4T regulatory cells.
Inorganic Chemical Pollutants
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
It has been hypothesized by Rossi et al.294 that anti-inflammatory Th2 response caused by allergen sensitization may be suppressed by the competing proinflammatory response elicited by TiO2 exposure. On the other hand, it has been suggested that T-cell dysfunction results in systemic immune suppression in mice exposed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes.315 This T8 cell depression seen in the chemically sensitive must alter this response to the hypersensitivity stage as seen in several chemically sensitive patients. Also in the case of cigarette smoke exposure, reduced T helper function was considered as one possible reason for the suppression of allergic symptoms. Furthermore, consensus exists that Foxp3+ Treg cells are able to control the inflammation thus preventing overactive inflammatory process that harms hosts’ own tissue. Rossi et al.294 therefore also investigated whether the exposure to TiO2 particles induces elevated levels of Foxp3, a marker of Treg ells, as well as regulatory cytokine IL-10. Expression levels of Foxp3 and IL-10 were, however, significantly inhibited in asthmatic mice by the particle exposure excluding the possibility that suppression was mediated mainly via Treg cells and regulatory cytokines.
Mice transgenic for human CTLA4-CD28 fusion gene show proliferation and transformation of ATLL-like and AITL-like T cells
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Gyu Jin Lee, Yukyung Jun, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Daekee Lee, Sanghyuk Lee, Jaesang Kim
FOXP3 expression in tumor cells is one of the key features of a significant subset of ATLL cases.27 We used flow cytometry to examine if Treg cells were found in increased numbers consistent with induction of ATLL-like lymphoma. To this end, CD3+ CD4+ cells were examined for expression of CD25 and FOXP3. Indeed, the proportion of CD25+ FOXP3+ cells among CD4 + T cells was elevated by more than 2.5-fold in the transgenic mice compared to wild-type littermates (Figure 7a). FOXP3+ cells were also readily detectable by antibody staining of the lymph nodes (Figure 7b). While a few positive cells were seen within the follicles of wild type littermates, transgenic mice showed numerous FOXP3+ cells throughout their lymph nodes. FOXP3+ cells were also found in clusters in the spleen (Figure 7c) and in the liver and pancreas (Figure 7d) of NSG mice transplanted with CD4+ cells indicating that FOXP3+ cells were indeed transformed cells.
γδT17/γδTreg cell subsets: a new paradigm for asthma treatment
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Yi-En Yao, Cai-Cheng Qin, Chao-Mian Yang, Tian-Xia Huang
There is evidence that Treg cells can improve airway remodeling and restore Th1/Th2 balance through the Dll4/Notch signaling pathway (118). TLR3 is highly expressed in mesenchymal stem cells and can increase Treg production through the Notch pathway after activation (119), while Treg cells can produce IL-10, inhibit Th2 type immune response factors such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and prevent Th cells from secreting IL-17 (120). TLR3 can induce the differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells under the activation of the TLR3 ligand (121). TLR3 can also inhibit food allergy in mice by inducing IFN-γ Foxp3 Treg cells (122). IFN-γ Foxp3 Treg cells also play an important role in the occurrence and development of asthma, and TLR3 is also significantly expressed in the lungs. TLR3 may also regulate asthma through this mechanism, which needs further experiments to confirm.
Investigation of possible associations between tryptophan/kynurenine status and FOXP3 expression in colorectal cancer
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Ebru Nur Ay, Şeyda Demirkol, Mehmet Tolgahan Hakan, Cem Horozoğlu, Soykan Arıkan, Mehmet Baki Doğan, Filiz Akyüz, Ceylan Özsoy Hepokur, İlhan Yaylım
FOXP3 (Forkhead box P3, Transcription factor fork box P3) is a protein with 431 amino acids belonging to the fork-helix transcription factor family, located on the X chromosome p11.23 and encoded from the FOXP3 gene. FOXP3 has been identified as a marker of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells and is an essential protein of immunosuppressive functions. FOXP3 has been shown to limit antitumor immune responses during tumor progression [11]. Considering the gene expression levels of the FOXP3 gene that may be related to gene polymorphisms, the reason for the FOXP3 gene expression changes has not been fully elucidated. However, various studies have shown that FOXP3 immune staining in colorectal cancer tissues may decrease due to the different localization of FOXP3 molecule according to the cancer cell type . This issue can be explained due to the its passing of FOXP3 molecule from nucleus to cytoplasm in the tumoral tissues[12]. More studies are needed to understand whether these changes in FOXP3 gene expression levels in tumor cells have the potential of clinical significance as a prognostic factor and its relationship with the differences in FOXP gene expression in tumor cells [3,4].