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Order Blubervirales: Surface Protein
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The obvious difficulties in DNA vaccination pressed investigators to apply many advanced immunization strategies, with the use of different kinds of adjuvants and prime/boost regimens. Thus, primary immunization with a DNA construct encoding interleukin-12 and boosting with canarypox vectors expressing all HBs genes six months thereafter was tried but did not lead to reduction in viral load in the chimpanzee model (Shata et al. 2006).
Clinical Progresses in Regenerative Dentistry and Dental Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Gene therapy to vaccinate against caries: The eradication of dental caries or periodontal disease may be successful if gene transfer therapy can mediate humoral and cellular immune responses to the pathogenic bacteria involved in these disease processes. This type of gene transfer therapy is called DNA vaccination because DNA-containing antigens which can mediate an immune response are delivered in a plasmid to the target bacteria. Caries vaccine strategies may use the mucosal immune system in newborn infants, which is functional before the appearance of their first teeth, as an effective way to induce immunity against the colonization of teeth by mutans streptococci and protection against subsequent dental caries.
Overview of Drugs used Against Zika Virus
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Sinem Ilgın, Özlem Atlı Eklioğlu, Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık, Serkan Levent
DNA based vaccine is a new fashion technology using genetically engineered DNA to take an immunologic response. To succeed this goal, the main strategy is to use DNA plasmids having antigens encoded on them. Cost, long term persistence of immunogenicity, stability properties and inducing protective humoral and cellular immune responses are some advantages of the DNA vaccination. However, it has some disadvantages like limited protein immunogens, inducing antibody production against DNA and inducing immunologic tolerance by antigens expressed inside host body (Khan 2013).
Current research into novel therapeutic vaccines against cervical cancer
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2018
Marcelo Nazário Cordeiro, Rita de Cássia Pereira De Lima, Francesca Paolini, Alanne Rayssa da Silva Melo, Ana Paula Ferreira Campos, Aldo Venuti, Antonio Carlos De Freitas
The method to transfer antigen genetic information to the cell is one of the most relevant factors influencing any genetic immunotherapy. DNA molecule is subject to integrity losses in extra- and intracellular environments, and cell membranes are not nucleic acid-permissive. In addition, target cells for genetic immunization against HPV are naive epithelial dendritic cells, residing in the subepithelial region, near the vaccine administration site. Thus, several strategies have been developed to overcome the obstacles. Delivery protocols are mainly based on intradermal, subcutaneous or intramuscular inoculum of genetic vaccines by several devices with varying efficiency levels, each bearing advantages and limitations. Conventional intramuscular injection method results in suboptimal immunogenicity, despite high plasmid concentrations. However, even intramuscular injection can be improved by techniques like microencapsulation in order to protect DNA from enzymatic degradation, as performed in a phase II trial with amolimogene expressing T-cell epitopes from E6 and E7 proteins of HPV types 16 and formerly ZYC101a – NCT00264732 [82]. However, the most recent approaches are based on less invasive gene delivery methods, allowing repeated administrations in the skin. The latest naked DNA vaccination schedules utilize repetitive intradermal or intramuscular administration regimens with 2-week intervals.
A Virus-Like-Particle immunotherapy targeting Epitope-Specific anti-xCT expressed on cancer stem cell inhibits the progression of metastatic cancer in vivo
Published in OncoImmunology, 2018
Elisabetta Bolli, John P. O'Rourke, Laura Conti, Stefania Lanzardo, Valeria Rolih, Jayne M. Christen, Giuseppina Barutello, Marco Forni, Federica Pericle, Federica Cavallo
The mechanism of action for DNA vaccination usually acts through cytotoxic CD8 T cell activation. However, there was no T-cell response to the major xCT T-cell epitope in DNA vaccinated mice, and immunization in B-cell deficient mice showed inadequate therapeutic responses.12 IgG antibodies isolated from the sera of vaccinated mice inhibited BCSC function in vitro in a similar manner as siRNA and SASP treatment, demonstrating that vaccine-induced xCT antibodies represented the therapeutic effectors.12 However, antibody titers achieved using the DNA vaccine were low, suggesting that the development of new therapies generating a focused, high titer antibody response would lead to greater inhibition of metastatic progression.
Potent therapeutic efficacy of an alphavirus replicon DNA vaccine expressing human papilloma virus E6 and E7 antigens
Published in OncoImmunology, 2018
Stephanie van de Wall, Karl Ljungberg, Peng Peng Ip, Annemarie Boerma, Maria L. Knudsen, Hans W. Nijman, Peter Liljeström, Toos Daemen
Another way to enhance the potency of DNA vaccination is in the vector itself. For instance, we and others have constructed DNA vectors based on the replicase of alphaviruses such as Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Sindbis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE). These DNA replicon (DREP) vectors have been shown to elicit T cell responses superior to those of conventional plasmid DNA in preclinical studies against infectious agents such as human immunodeficiency virus or chikungunya virus.18,19 This has also been demonstrated within the context of cancer vaccination.20,21 Nevertheless, to date, no SFV-based DNA replicon vaccine has been explored as an alternative for VREP for eliciting effective anti-tumor immunity.