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Scheme for Investigating Cases of Death by Hanging
Published in Paul T. Jayaprakash, Crime Scene Investigation and Reconstruction, 2023
Fingerprint is a classic example of a biological pattern illustrating uniqueness in the spatial relationship between the points in prints derived from the same source (Evett and Williams, 1996; Lee and Gaensslen, 2001) that facilitates individual identification. The conclusion reached on identification during fingerprint comparison is evaluational and thus fundamentally differs from the statistical result arrived when comparing DNA profiles, earlier termed ‘DNA fingerprinting’ (Jayaprakash, 2013). While human-failures-related mistakes are known to have occurred in the evaluational process of matching a fingermark obtained from a crime scene with a fingerprint on record, as recognized by Page et al., (2011), these mistakes are not made because someone has a fingerprint, identical to someone else in the world. In general, the terms ‘mark’ or ‘fingermark’ refer to those impressions left unwittingly and by chance at crime scenes, while the terms ‘prints’ or ‘fingerprints’ describe inked impressions recorded by police from arrested persons (Leadbetter, 2005). Fingermarks in crime scenes offer evidence which permits individualization leading to conclusive attribution of origin to an individual who, in the circumstances of the case on hand, may turn out to be one among the suspects. In cases of hanging, fingermarks of the deceased, either latent or on dust residue, on objects used to tie the ligature such as ceiling fan would support the hypothesis that the victim only made the ligature knot.
Discovery and research
Published in Peter S. Harper, The Evolution of Medical Genetics, 2019
Of all areas of science and medicine, there can be none where research and application are closer together and more rapid than in medical genetics. In recent years the discovery of a disease-related gene has frequently enabled new applications that were previously quite impossible – Huntington's disease provides a good example for accurate diagnosis and prediction – while areas for future research are immediately opened up by the gene isolation for further study of the mutations and protein involved. Indeed, one of the increasing roles of medical geneticists in recent years has been to caution against over-hasty applications, particularly in an age when communication via the internet is virtually instantaneous, and with patients and lay societies understandably eager for progress. Outside the medical field, discoveries like DNA fingerprinting have also immediately been used in areas such as forensic science and paternity testing, as described below.
Shifts in Global Healthcare
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Natural Medicines, 2019
As society has changed with knowledge exposure through the use of technology, the new diagnostic methods coupled with genetics has empowered each individual to look at and be responsible for his or her own health. Genetics and genomics along with other DNA fingerprinting would further accelerate social decision making for health benefits. In the flux of newer technology, precise diagnostics, genetic fingerprinting awareness about body, body shops and also deep understanding of mechanism of body and life would become a reality for each individual of new society. Responsible health behaviour would be the next step for remaining healthy, much as fashion diets, diet restrictions and other behaviours surrounding diet are seen in society especially with new millennium even today. Obesity and other lifestyle health discrepancies are creeping in due to work habits, as well as aspirations of the new generation resulting in a lack of more than necessary availability of essential nutrients and other disorders.
Appendix B: De-isolation review and recommendations
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2022
There is a relative paucity of observational studies examining infectivity of people with pulmonary TB on treatment in the modern era.22,23 An observational study to test this question would likely require large number of people with infectious TB cases assigned different durations of isolation post-treatment start. The appropriate use of primary prevention for tuberculin negative contacts under 5 years of age would be expected to further reduce transmission post-treatment in the modern era. To our knowledge, epidemiologic studies that incorporate the use of DNA fingerprinting technology to clarify transmission events have not yet been employed to explore this question.
Tuberculosis in the 21th century: Current status of diagnostic methods
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2018
Patrícia Poeta, Vanessa Silva, Andreia Guedes, José Eduardo Pereira, Ana Cláudia Coelho, Gilberto Igrejas
DNA Fingerprinting, more exactly the RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), is still a very worthy genotyping method for the characterization of bacterial strains. This methodology has also been important in phylogenetic studies of TB bacilli which use the IS6110-based RFLP. The results of this methodology take about 1 week until they are ready to be analysed. However, this method requires vast amounts of cell samples and comparing results is not easy considering the passage of the bands to a digital format.18,36
Population genetic data of 22 autosomal STR loci for the Scheduled Caste population of Rajasthan India
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2021
Anand Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, R. K. Kumawat, Pankaj Shrivastava, Rajesh Yadav, Gyaneshwer Chaubey
Positive and negative controls were used at every step of experimentation. The DNA fingerprinting unit of the State Forensic Science Laboratory Rajasthan, Jaipur, has been validated by the Human Identification Professional Services (HIPS) by Thermo Fisher Scientific, CA, USA.