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Emerging roles of community health practitioners
Published in Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
CHP is responsible to prevent infectious diseases from being introduced or carried away from the territory (Department of Health, 2019d). During the current outbreak of COVID-19, the CHP has launched a range of territory-wide infectious control and health measures such as wearing face masks, hand washing and keeping social distance. Concerning NCDs, the CHP conducts research, analyses health problems and their determinants, sets health priorities, plans and implements prevention and control programmes. Significant services include the cervical screening programme which is aimed at achieving higher screening coverage in the target population; formulating comprehensive cancer prevention and control strategies; conducting health risk assessment and communication on environmental hazards with public concerns and promoting public awareness on environmental health (Department of Health, 2019d). Another important service of CHP is health promotion. CHP now adopts a key position in harnessing social political support and mobilising community participation and personal actions to achieve desired health goals (Department of Health, 2019b). It is emphasised that community partnership, multi-sectoral collaboration and stakeholder engagement are needed in health promotion campaigns.
Immediate ART and clinical outcomes in New York City among patients newly diagnosed with HIV
Published in AIDS Care, 2023
Ofole Mgbako, Rachel Mathu, Mila Gonzalez Davila, Monica Mehta, Joselyn Cabrera, Caroline Carnevale, Jason Zucker, Peter Gordon, Susan Olender
This retrospective study analyzed HIV care cascade outcomes for patients (a) newly diagnosed with HIV between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2019 (b) linked to CHP within 6 months of diagnosis and (c) iART eligible at linkage (e.g., not already on ART at presentation, not an elite controller). Patients who were initiated on ART prior to their first CHP visit were excluded from the primary analysis given that ART was initiated in a variety of settings (e.g., CBO, DOH sexual health clinic) and it was not always possible to determine exact ART initiation dates. All data were obtained from CHP electronic medical records. Our hospital-wide EMR captures demographic information input by staff upon each patient’s entry into the system. Data were extracted where possible, and provider notes were reviewed for missing information.
Choroid plexus and CSF: an updated review
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2022
Dana Hutton, Mohammed Gadoora Fadelalla, Avinash Kumar Kanodia, Kismet Hossain-Ibrahim
Collectively, these findings indicate ChP dysfunction resulting from Aβ deposition could significantly worsen AD progression. ChP dysfunction results in reduced CSF secretion, thus depressing of the ‘waste disposal’ system of the CNS.5 A healthy ChP in later adult life is of great benefit to the brain, through its numerous functions illustrated above. The ability to restore the functionality of the ChP in conditions such as AD should be considered as a potential pharmacological target. It is thought that viral-mediated gene delivery to the ChP, and ChP epithelial cell generation from human embryonic stem cells may help in development for future therapies which combat ChP pathologies and can deliver therapeutic compounds throughout the CNS via the CSF.2
The emerging role of mycophenolate mofetil in interstitial lung diseases
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
Kevin K Brown, Sujeet K Rajan, Padmanabha Shenoy, Monali Mehta, Meena Lopez, Rashmi S Hegde, Jaideep Gogtay
A large retrospective, observational study of patients with cHP determined that there was no difference in FVC decline or survival when comparing those (n = 93 of 131) receiving immunosuppressive therapy with either CS (median daily dose 40 mg), azathioprine (median daily dose: 125 mg) or MMF (median daily dose: 2 g) with those not treated with immunosuppressive therapy (n = 38). On an average, patients treated with azathioprine and MMF also received prednisone at a dose of 40 mg and 20 mg, respectively. The patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy had more severely impaired baseline FVC (60% versus 73% predicted) and DLco (47% versus 69% predicted); were more likely to be using supplemental oxygen (71% versus 24%, p < 0.001); and had a significantly higher radiographic pulmonary fibrosis score (126 versus 118, p = 0.01) compared with those not treated with immunosuppressive treatment. The study concluded that in recipients of immunosuppressive therapy, early transition to MMF or azathioprine may provide an appropriate therapeutic approach for patients with cHP. Treatment-emergent AEs were low in the MMF (66% less versus prednisone; p = 0.002) group compared with other therapies [22].