China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cloacal exstrophy
Published in Prem Puri, Newborn Surgery, 2017
Alonso Carrasco Jr., Duncan T. Wilcox, Vijaya M. Vemulakonda
Females (46XX) with cloaca exstrophy should be raised as females. Gender assignment in male (46XY) patients with cloacal exstrophy remains a complex and controversial issue. Historically, patients with insufficient phallic tissue or aphallia were reassigned and raised as female. This was accomplished by performing early orchiectomy and subsequent feminizing reconstruction. However, this practice has recently been brought into question. In a survey of pediatric urologists, two-thirds favored male gender assignment primarily based on concerns of prenatal testosterone imprinting.53,56 In addition, studies have also demonstrated that over half of male cloacal exstrophy patients reassigned as female question their gender, exhibit stereotypical male behavior, have sexual interest in females, or declare themselves as male.23,39,57,58 While current views are to maintain male gender, it is important that this decision be made as part of a multidisciplinary team with significant input from the family.
Phantom Penis: Extrapolating Neuroscience and Employing Imagination for Trans Male Sexual Embodiment
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2020
The term for a totally missing penis is “aphallia.” Congenital aphallia is very rare, and I am aware of no published report of an aphallic man that discusses presence or absence of a phantom penis. In aphallia, the (nonbinary) rudimentary bud for genitals was either absent or eradicated before it began embryological development into clitoris/penis. By contrast, in trans men, the rudimentary bud for genitals has indeed developed, just not into a penis. Penis and clitoris are embryonically homologous genital components. To a large degree, they are located similarly on somatosensory maps (Cazala et al., 2015). Cis men (or women) with congenital aphallia lack this genital component (whether it would have been directed into either clitoris or penis), while trans men have the genital component (developed into a clitoris). To equate trans men and aphallic cis men would risk defining female genitals as “lacking” (this genital component), a bedrock position of the patriarchal unconscious that feminist, queer, trans, and nonbinary theory and politics have worked to denaturalize. Congenital aphallia and congenital amelia may have no representation on the somatosensory cortex. The simultaneous presence of birth genitals and absence of penis in trans men thus complicates phantom etiology that depends on a binary of occupied versus empty cortical areas.