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Infectious Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Susanna J. Dunachie, Hanif Esmail, Ruth Corrigan, Maria Dudareva
A number of diseases occur worldwide transmitted by exposure to vectors, animals and the environment. A zoonosis is a disease that is transmitted from animals to humans. Many of these diseases are treatable with doxycycline. Prevention measures include rodent control, insect bite prevention, avoidance of stagnant water and animal farm water runoff, and protection of food from animal contamination.
Bacteria
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
The term zoonosis refers to an infectious disease of humans that was transmitted from diseased or carrier lower animals. Arthropods are the most common vectors for transmitting such microbial diseases. Many zoonotic diseases are acquired through the skin, the arthropod providing passage through the skin while feeding.
Open Geospatial Data for Responding to the COVID-19 Challenge
Published in Abbas Rajabifard, Greg Foliente, Daniel Paez, COVID-19 Pandemic, Geospatial Information, and Community Resilience, 2021
Maria Antonia Brovelli, Serena Coetzee
It has been observed that the risk of zoonosis, i.e. a pathogen such as a virus or a parasite moving from animal to humans, is higher when there are significant ecological changes in an area [10]. In such cases, humans may come into close contact with animals that previously lived far away from any human activity. Land cover datasets provide information about such ecological changes and can help with identifying areas at risk of zoonosis.
Mitigating the environmental impact of NSAIDs - physiotherapy as a contribution to One Health and the SDGs
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2023
By reducing, or at least delaying pharmacotherapy demands, physiotherapy effectively constitutes a hitherto underappreciated contribution to a variety of SDGs even beyond SDG3. Building on what we have outlined here, these include SDG2 (zero hunger), SDG6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG14 (life below water), and even SDG15 (life on land) if we consider NSAIDs effect on humans and other species [31]. Through its potential contribution to the improvement of life on land and below water, physiotherapy thus equally constitutes a One Health intervention, that is, a healthcare intervention that simultaneously contributes to better health of humans, animals, and ecosystems alike. More explicitly than its sibling developments (planetary health, ecosystems health, and sustainable healthcare), One Health focuses on the complex interactions between animals, ecosystems, and human health as a critical nexus for understanding and ensuring health around the world [32]. One Health has a strong focus on managing and preventing zoonotic diseases – transmitted between animals and humans – like the current COVID-19 pandemic, for human health benefits. But One Health also implies care for the health of animals and ecosystems, beyond anthropocentric concerns. It is in this way that physiotherapy could be argued to constitute a One Health intervention in the way we are suggesting here, as an intervention that simultaneously contributes to better health of humans, animals, and ecosystems [33,34].
Variant influenza: connecting the missing dots
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Vivek Chavda, Rajashri Bezbaruah, Tutumoni Kalita, Anupam Sarma, Juti Rani Devi, Ratnali Bania, Vasso Apostolopoulos
The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized zoonosis as any infection or illness that could spontaneously be transmitted either from non-human vertebrates to humans or from the human population to animal species [1-3]. The word ‘zoonoses’ was derived using the Greek words ‘zoon,’ which denotes animal, and ‘nosos,’ which implies disease. Approximately 61% of the human pathogens are zoonotic [4,5]. Since all living beings, including both animals and humans as well as the environment, contribute to the pathogenesis and prevalence of the disease, it was reported that a significant percentage of infectious diseases that impact people are caused by animals [6]. In recent decades, human diseases of animal origin have evolved, and these diseases have been linked to animal origin diets. Some diseases, such as HIV infection, start out as zoonosis, but later the strains mutate and affect only humans. Zoonoses are a notable health concern as well as a direct human health risk that can cause death [7]. Additionally, the 13 most frequent zoonoses have had the greatest impact on poor livestock workers in economically developing countries, causing an estimated 2.4 billion infected cases of the disease and 2.7 million human deaths per year [8]. The majority of these diseases have a negative influence on animal health and reduce animal productivity considerably [4].
Infodemic, social contagion and the public health response to COVID-19: insights and lessons from Nigeria
Published in Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2022
Bridget O. Alichie, Nelson Ediomo-Ubong, Blessing Nonye Onyima
The focus of this study is Nigeria, which is currently estimated at roughly 206.1 million ([24,p.1756] citing United Nations Population Fund, 2020). The touting of Nigeria as the most populous nation in Africa is also linked to the growing challenge of pervasive information falsehood spread on social media platforms [26]. This study, therefore, reflects on false news trends related to COVID-19 as well as links to previous zoonotic viral diseases in Nigeria (e.g. Ebola, Lassa, and Monkeypox). Relevant published research and gray literature on zoonotic diseases and public health responses are reviewed. A textual analysis was employed to synthesize and analyze secondary data sources collected between July and August 2020. Thereafter, detailed interpretation was done in order to enable extrapolations to be made in line with the study objectives in subsequent sections.