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Trypanosoma cruzi
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Paula Andrea Jiménez, Jesus Eduardo Jaimes, Juan David Ramírez
Metacyclic trypomastigotes of the parasite present in the feces penetrate the wound caused by the sting of the triatomine insect, or lesions on the skin or mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth, or nose. The insects responsible for the vectorial transmission belong to the subfamily Triatominae, within which approximately 140 species of five tribes have been identified, with 125 exclusively found in Latin America. The natural habitat of triatomines includes palm trees, hollows in trees, cracks in rocks, small caves, and other animal shelters where they can find food [17,18]. Among the main vectors are Triatoma infestans, Triatoma brasiliensis, and Panstrogylus megistus in the southern cone countries; Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata in the Andean region and parts of Central America, and T. dimidiata and Triatoma barberi in Mexico [16].
Chagas disease prevalence among migrants from El Salvador in Milan: a cross- sectional study of an often-overlooked population
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Martina Beltrami, Romualdo Grande, Andrea Giacomelli, Federico Sabaini, Lidia Biondo, Margherita Longo, Silvia Grosso, Letizia Oreni, Sara Fadelli, Laura Galimberti, Anna Lisa Ridolfo, Spinello Antinori
El Salvador, successfully eliminated Rhodnius prolixus (the principal vector of T.cruzi) in 2010 [3], but the risk of vector-borne CD persists as it is now mainly mediated by Triatoma dimidiata, a triatomine that is widely distributed in rural and urban areas, in which prevalence rates of T. cruzi infection of no less than 10% have been recorded [4]. However, very few studies have estimated the prevalence of T. cruzi infection in recent years: one showing a global prevalence among blood donors of 1.7% in 2011 [5], and a paediatric study conducted in the department of Sonsonate in 2018, which reported a prevalence of 2.3% [6].