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Kissing Bugs
Published in Jerome Goddard, Public Health Entomology, 2022
Kissing bugs occur primarily in the New World (Figure 17.4), although there is at least one species complex (the rubrofasciata complex) reported from port areas throughout the Old World tropics and subtropics, and a few species of the genus Linshcosteus occur in India.3 There are many species of kissing bugs that can attack humans, and some are capable of transmitting Chagas disease. The four principal vectors of Chagas disease in Central and South America are Panstrongylus megistus, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans, and T. dimidiata. Triatoma gerstaeckeri and T. protracta are important kissing bug species in the southwestern United States, and T. sanguisuga occurs throughout much of the southeastern United States.
Ethnopharmacology of the Genus Pilocarpus
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Ronaldo dos Santos Sousa, Mahendra Rai, Chistiane Mendes Feitosa, Leiz Maria Costa Veras, Pedro Vitor Oliveira S. Furtado
Bioassays against Rhodnius prolixus nymphs were conducted by Mello et al. (2007) using Pilocarpus spicatus essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation. The main results show high levels of toxicity and paralysis associated with slight inhibition of seedling induced by topical application of essential oil on insect, partial phage inhibition, high levels of seedling inhibition, prolonged intermittent period and high number of paralyzed insects, but absence of toxicity was observed after oral treatment of P. spicatus essential oil per mL of ingested blood.
Biting insect and tick allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Donald R. Hoffman, Jennifer E. Fergeson
There are two important families of biting bugs in North America. The first are variously called kissing bugs, assassin bugs, conenose bugs, vinchucas, or reduviid bugs and are members of the family Reduviidae. There are 39 genera of which the most important in North America are Triatoma (Figure 19.4) and Reduvius. The genera Rhodnius and Panstrongylus are important members of this family in South America. The second family of bloodsucking bugs is Cimicidae or bedbugs. There are seven genera, and the species Cimex lectularius is the most infamous human bedbug.
The management of Babesia, amoeba and other zoonotic diseases provoked by protozoa
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2023
Clemente Capasso, Claudiu T. Supuran
The parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas’ disease (CD), also known as American trypanosomiasis, which is spread via the bites of hematophagous triatomine insects, such as the vectors belonging to the genera Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus [5,82–84]. Although the disease is widespread in Latin America, it has spread to other parts of the world through a variety of channels, including migration, transfusions, organ transplants, congenital infection, and food-borne transmission, making it a problem even in non-endemic areas like North America, Europe, Japan, and Australia [5,85,86]. No vaccine or medication protects against CD [84]. Thus, vector control, blood and organ screening, and food safety are crucial in CD prevention [87,88]. Blood donor surveillance and CD screening questions have likely reduced acute transfusion-associated cases, as well as prenatal diagnosis and treatment prevent congenital transmission in women [84,87]. Challenges remain in more endemic locations and with widespread wild infection, such as Gran Chaco and the Amazon Basin, despite progress made in managing domestic vector infestation since 1991 [89]. Although the prevention campaign, CD remains a global public health issue due to the illness’s asymptomatic nature, widespread immigration, and many vectors and reservoirs [84]. Moreover, the disease manifests in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), which can develop years or decades after the initial infection [90].
Appraisal of anti-protozoan activity of nitroaromatic benzenesulfonamides inhibiting carbonic anhydrases from Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Alessio Nocentini, Sameh M. Osman, Igor A. Rodrigues, Veronica S. Cardoso, Fatmah Ali S. Alasmary, Zeid AlOthman, Alane B. Vermelho, Paola Gratteri, Claudiu T. Supuran
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) and leishmaniasis are potentially life-threatening illnesses that have been included in the list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) by the World Health Organization (WHO). These infections belong to the vector-borne diseases affecting 20 million people and killing more than 50,000 every year and are caused by parasites of the kinetoplastida family (Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania sp.)1. Kissing bugs of the Triatoma and Rhodnius genera naturally transmit T. cruzi that is primarily diffused in Latin America. Chagas disease progresses by damaging organs in the cardiac, digestive, or nervous systems1. The bite of infected phlebotomines instead is the main cause of Leishmania transmission and potentially generates skin or visceral fatal damages. Leishmaniasis is the first-in-class NTD in terms of mortality and morbidity1.
Orcokinin neuropeptides regulate sleep in Caenorhabditis elegans
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2020
Madison Honer, Kristen Buscemi, Natalie Barrett, Niknaz Riazati, Gerald Orlando, Matthew D. Nelson
Both nlp-14 and nlp-15 are expressed in the sleep regulating neurons ALA and RIS (Turek et al., 2013; Van Buskirk & Sternberg, 2007). Individually, they are dispensable for DTS but removal of both genes reduces movement quiescence without causing molting defects. This is in contrast to studies done with the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus where disruption of orcokinins by RNA interference (RNAi) caused molting defects (Wulff et al., 2017). We also did not observe molting difficulties when nlp-14 was over-expressed, suggesting that either the role of these peptides is strictly behavioral or that there is degeneracy in the control of molting (Choi et al., 2013; Nelson et al., 2013; Turek et al., 2016).