China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Viruses
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
In nature the virus spreads from person to person by ingestion of food and water contaminated with fecal material. The virus is stable in the environment and is not inactivated by the stomach acids. Poliovirus infection in man can be inapparent. This is the most common form of infection. Poliovirus infection can also cause acute mild illness, acute nonparalytic aseptic meningitis, or paralytic poliomyelitis. The paralytic disease results in permanent paralysis and occurs more often in older children. Between 1940 and 1950, improved infant health care practices in developed countries prevented infections of young children. Infection then occurred when the children were older, and there was therefore a greater incidence of paralytic disease.
Polio
Published in Rae-Ellen W. Kavey, Allison B. Kavey, Viral Pandemics, 2020
Rae-Ellen W. Kavey, Allison B. Kavey
In 1–2% of polio infections, non-paralytic aseptic meningitis with symptoms of stiffness of the neck and back and increased or abnormal neurologic sensation occurs. Typically these symptoms will last from 2 to 10 days, followed by complete recovery. Finally, paralytic poliomyelitis, the most serious clinical outcome, occurs in approximately 0.5% of all poliovirus infections, when the virus invades the central nervous system (CNS), causing inflammation and destruction of motor neurons leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.32
Exercise and Infection
Published in Ronald R. Watson, Marianne Eisinger, Exercise and Disease, 2020
David C. Nieman, Sandra L. Nehlsen-Cannarella
Clinicians since the 1940s have observed that certain patients with paralytic poliomyelitis give a history of severe exertion immediately preceding or during the onset of paralysis.77 Levinson et al.78 found that the incidence and severity of paralysis was greater in monkeys subjected to exhausting exercise than in control animals. Weinstein79 concluded that participation in strenuous sport late in the incubation period increased the risk of extensive and severe paralysis in school boys during an epidemic of poliomyelitis in Greenwich, CT.
Growing up with a disability following paralytic poliomyelitis: experiences from persons with late effects of polio
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Catharina Sjödahl Hammarlund, Jan Lexell, Christina Brogårdh
The analysis uncovered a number of subcategories, which were then put into three categories. (1) “Memories of falling ill, being immobilized and needing physical treatment” consisting of four subcategories: (a) Disabilities following acute paralytic poliomyelitis, (b) Being sent away for treatment, (c) Surgical treatment and physiotherapy, and (d) Orthoses to facilitate mobility. (2) “Managing social encounters and living up to the expectations of others” comprised four subcategories: (a) Alienation due to activity limitations, (b) Feeling looked upon as different, (c) Meeting peers and making friends, and (d) Managing a situation without complaining. (3) “Various psychological strategies for adapting” contained three subcategories: (a) Trying to blend in, (b) Choosing to focus on positive aspects of life, and (c) Building a self-image and trust in the ability to manage (Figure 1).
Quality of life for post-polio syndrome: a patient derived, Rasch standard scale
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Carolyn A. Young, Anne-Marie C. Quincey, Samantha M. Wong, Alan Tennant
Poliomyelitis (polio) is an acute, communicable disease caused by poliovirus. The illness has varying degrees of severity, including rapid onset of acute flaccid paralysis. Prior to the development of vaccination programmes in the 1950s, polio was widespread. For example, in America in 1952, there were more than 21,000 paralytic cases.[1] Despite concerted efforts by the WHO and others, such as Rotary International, to ensure widespread vaccination and the eradication of polio, outbreaks of polio continue. From 1976–1995, there were 48 outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis, with a cumulative total of ∼17,000 cases reported worldwide.[2] Europe had been declared free of poliovirus from 2002 until an outbreak in 2010 in Tajikistan.[3] A 60% increase in confirmed cases of polio in Pakistan between 2009 and 2010 is a reminder of the persistence of the disease.[4]