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Kissing Bugs
Published in Jerome Goddard, Public Health Entomology, 2022
Kissing bugs occur primarily in the New World (Figure 17.4), although there is at least one species complex (the rubrofasciata complex) reported from port areas throughout the Old World tropics and subtropics, and a few species of the genus Linshcosteus occur in India.3 There are many species of kissing bugs that can attack humans, and some are capable of transmitting Chagas disease. The four principal vectors of Chagas disease in Central and South America are Panstrongylus megistus, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans, and T. dimidiata. Triatoma gerstaeckeri and T. protracta are important kissing bug species in the southwestern United States, and T. sanguisuga occurs throughout much of the southeastern United States.
Biting insect and tick allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Donald R. Hoffman, Jennifer E. Fergeson
There are two important families of biting bugs in North America. The first are variously called kissing bugs, assassin bugs, conenose bugs, vinchucas, or reduviid bugs and are members of the family Reduviidae. There are 39 genera of which the most important in North America are Triatoma (Figure 19.4) and Reduvius. The genera Rhodnius and Panstrongylus are important members of this family in South America. The second family of bloodsucking bugs is Cimicidae or bedbugs. There are seven genera, and the species Cimex lectularius is the most infamous human bedbug.
Chemical Hybridization Approaches Applied to Natural and Synthetic Compounds for the Discovery of Drugs Active Against Neglected Tropical Diseases
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Elena Petricci, Paolo Governa, Fabrizio Manetti
Chagas disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that can be transmitted to humans by blood-sucking triatomine bugs (also known as the “kissing” bug) belonging to the genera Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2018a). The parasite life cycle is divided in human (host) stages and triatomine bug stages. Chagas disease is currently treated with nifurtimox 1 and benznidazole 2 (Figure 1). Structure of active ingredients (nifurtimox and benznidazole) of drugs for Chagas disease.
The management of Babesia, amoeba and other zoonotic diseases provoked by protozoa
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2023
Clemente Capasso, Claudiu T. Supuran
The parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas’ disease (CD), also known as American trypanosomiasis, which is spread via the bites of hematophagous triatomine insects, such as the vectors belonging to the genera Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus [5,82–84]. Although the disease is widespread in Latin America, it has spread to other parts of the world through a variety of channels, including migration, transfusions, organ transplants, congenital infection, and food-borne transmission, making it a problem even in non-endemic areas like North America, Europe, Japan, and Australia [5,85,86]. No vaccine or medication protects against CD [84]. Thus, vector control, blood and organ screening, and food safety are crucial in CD prevention [87,88]. Blood donor surveillance and CD screening questions have likely reduced acute transfusion-associated cases, as well as prenatal diagnosis and treatment prevent congenital transmission in women [84,87]. Challenges remain in more endemic locations and with widespread wild infection, such as Gran Chaco and the Amazon Basin, despite progress made in managing domestic vector infestation since 1991 [89]. Although the prevention campaign, CD remains a global public health issue due to the illness’s asymptomatic nature, widespread immigration, and many vectors and reservoirs [84]. Moreover, the disease manifests in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), which can develop years or decades after the initial infection [90].