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Order Mononegavirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The subfamily consists of 3 genera with 22 species. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of the Avian orthoavulavirus 1 species, Orthoavulavirus genus, causes highly contagious disease of birds, which is transmissible to humans. Transmission occurs by exposure to fecal and other excretions from infected birds and through contact with contaminated food, water, equipment, and clothing.
The Biological Environment
Published in Vilma R. Hunt, Kathleen Lucas-Wallace, Jeanne M. Manson, Work and the Health of Women, 2020
Vilma R. Hunt, Kathleen Lucas-Wallace, Jeanne M. Manson
Although the best documented episodes of infectious disease outbreaks of occupational origin come from laboratories, there are also other high-risk occupations. Newcastle disease virus is widely distributed in fowls and has led to infection in poultry workers. The clinical disease has been well described in laboratory workers in whom symptoms of conjunctivitis and more rarely central nervous system involvement have occurred. In poultry and kitchen workers conjunctivitis has been common. Nelson et al. described an outbreak of conjunctivitis in 39 women and 1 man among 90 workers who were employed on a chicken eviscerating line. No secondary cases occurred among family contacts and it was noted that no time was lost from work. The company records showed recurring episodes at about 3-month intervals. Isolation of Newcastle disease virus was successful in four of ten cases attempted.21
Interaction of Herpesviruses and Retroviruses
Published in Fred Rapp, Oncogenic Herpesviruses, 2019
The genetic interaction between two strains of influenza A virus was reported by Hirst and Gotlieb7 who showed evidence of genetic recombination when the two viruses were passaged together serially in the allantoic sac of embryonated eggs. Since the two viruses were closely related, recombinations were more likely to occur. A similar phenomenon was reported for two strains of Newcastle disease virus,8 and later for a strain of influenza A that had recombined with Newcastle disease virus.9 In the latter case, the two viruses were considerably less similar than in the two former instances. Although there are ample documented laboratory reports of genetic recombination following mixed infections with influenza viruses, there is no evidence, other than circumstantial, that such recombination occurs naturally, and the natural history of such recombinants is unknown.
Oncolytic virus therapy for malignant gliomas: entering the new era
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2023
Hirotaka Fudaba, Hiroaki Wakimoto
Poliovirus is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Piconaviridae family. CD155, a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the nectin-like family, serves as the cellular receptor for poliovirus. Reovirus is a double-stranded RNA virus of the Reoviridae family. Reolysin is a Dearing type 3 strain virus, which replicates in Ras mutant cells. Measles virus (MV) is a single-stranded, a negative-sense RNA virus of the Paramyxoviridae family. MV-CEA is an attenuated strain of measles virus (MV), derived from the Edmonston vaccine lineage, genetically engineered to produce carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which has demonstrated efficacy against GBM in preclinical studies [8–10]. Newcastle disease virus, a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, was previously studied clinically in GBM, sarcoma, and neuroblastoma, but no clinical trial has been active since 2015.
Modern vaccine strategies for emerging zoonotic viruses
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Atif Ahmed, Muhammad Safdar, Samran Sardar, Sahar Yousaf, Fiza Farooq, Ali Raza, Muhammad Shahid, Kausar Malik, Samia Afzal
Currently, Norovirus capsid protein in potatoes and CTB in rice are two edible vaccines in phase I clinical trials. Plant-based vaccines against influenza virus strain H1N1, H7N9, and H5NI developed in Nicotiana benthamiana are in phase I clinical trials, except the H5N1 vaccine, which is in phase II clinical trials. Some of the plant-based vaccines against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are FDA-approved [96]. Many world biopharmaceuticals like Medicago, Kentucky BioProcessing Inc. (KBP), iBio, Zyus, and Beijing CC Pharming have also made vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 that are passing through different trial phases as reviewed by various scientists [97]. Although the research on edible vaccines against many infectious illnesses in people and animals is still in its early stages, its significant findings suggest that it will become a reality soon [98]. The currently utilized and future approaches for the synthesis of plant vaccines are diagrammatically explained in Figure 4.
The improved antiviral activities of amino-modified chitosan derivatives on Newcastle virus
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Xiaofei He, Ronge Xing, Song Liu, Yukun Qin, Kecheng Li, Huahua Yu, Pengcheng Li
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease, caused by a bird virus—Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Its typical symptoms are respiratory tract bleeding and digestive tract mucosa. As one of the avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1), genus Avulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae (Ecco et al. 2011), Newcastle disease can infect 236 species (Kapczynski et al. 2013) of birds including duck and pigeon (De Oliveira Torres Carrasco et al. 2008) which results in enormous loss in economy. It is one of three major epidemics in birds and also causes symptoms on human. Nowadays, the treatment of ND mainly depends on prevention, especially on LaSota vaccine. Although a variety of vaccines were available and immunization procedures have been improved, the incidence remains high due to resistance, side effects, and expensive price.