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Ticks
Published in Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard, The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 2019
Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard
Goddard and Varela-Stokes114 provided a detailed review of the disease potential of this species. It transmits the pathogen of tularemia to humans; it is a known vector of the agent of human ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia chaffensis) and is reported to rarely transmit the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Borrelia species spirochetes (but not true Lyme disease agent) have been recovered from this species.115 This tick is also found naturally infected with heartland virus (pathogenic), Rickettsia amblyommatis (mostly nonpathogenic),116,117Rickettsia parkeri (pathogenic),118,119 and Ehrlichia ewingii (pathogenic).120 Indirectly, this species may cause red meat allergy in humans.121
Doxycycline
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
This is a tick-borne infection caused by small obligate intracellular bacteria of the genus Ehrlichia. These organisms proliferate within white blood cells, with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia ewingii organisms invading neutrophils, and with Ehrlichia chaffensis organisms infecting human monocytes. Severe infection and mortality are associated with delays in diagnosis and treatment. The treatment of choice is doxycycline, administered for 5 to 14 days (Dumler et al., 2007). Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is sometimes related to ehrlichiosis (Otrock et al., 2015). This severe clinical syndrome responds to doxycycline. It parallels the HLH that arises from other infections and generally resolves with treatment of the underlying disease. The absence of proven alternative antimicrobial regimens and the necessity for prompt empirical therapy mandate doxycycline treatment in all patients with suspected ehrlichiosis, including children < 8 years of age (Dumler et al., 2007). Concomitant Ixodes-borne pathogens including those that cause Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis require diagnostic and management considerations.
Tetracyclines
Published in Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Shobita Rajagopalan, Antibiotic Therapy for Geriatric Patients, 2005
Chlamydia pneumoniae Ehrlichia chaffeensis Ehrlichia ewingii Ehrlichia phagocytophila Mycoplasma pneumoniae Ureaplasma urealyticum Rickettsia (Q fever, trench fever, typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever) Borrelia burgdorferi
A novel Ehrlichia strain (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) detected in Amblyomma triste (Acari: Ixodidae), a tick species of public health importance in the Southern Cone of America
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
Gabriel L. Cicuttin, María N. De Salvo, Paula Díaz Pérez, Darío Silva, María L. Félix, José M. Venzal, Santiago Nava
Bacteria of the genus Ehrlichia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are alpha-proteobacterial, tick-transmitted, obligate intracellular parasites with medical and veterinary importance that can infect monocytes, neutrophils, endothelial cells or neutrophils [1,2]. Formally there are six recognized species: Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, Ehrlichia ruminantium, Ehrlichia muris and Ehrlichia minasensis, but different strains of putative novel species of Ehrlichia have been molecularly detected in the last 20 years [1–14, among others].