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Dientamoeba fragilis Infection
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Candela Menéndez Fernández-Miranda, Jonathan Fernández Suarez, Noelia Moran Suarez, Javier Fernández Domínguez, María Martínez Sela, Mercedes Rodríguez Pérez, Azucena Rodríguez-Guardado
Dientamoeba fragilis is a pathogenic protozoan of the human gastrointestinal tract with a worldwide distribution.1–4 First described in 1918 by Jepps and Dobell,5–7 it has emerged as an important and misdiagnosed cause of chronic gastrointestinal illnesses such as diarrhea and “irritable-bowel-like” gastrointestinal disease.8–12 Almost a century after its observation, and although it has been described around the world, there are still doubts about its life cycle, prevalence, pathogenicity, and treatment.
Optimization of routine microscopic and molecular detection of parasitic protozoa in SAF-fixed faecal samples in Sweden
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2020
Jessica Ögren, Olaf Dienus, Andreas Matussek
G. intestinalis is the most common gastroenteritis causing protozoa in Sweden. The majority of patients with G. intestinalis are infected abroad [3]. E. histolytica infections are rare but in the past the reporting of E. histolytica has been hampered by reporting of microscopic findings of E. histolytica/E. dispar- complex as E. histolytica which has overestimated the incidence [14,15]. The use of molecular typing has decreased the over-reporting. Dientamoeba fragilis is common, but confirmation of virulence and the potential mechanisms of pathogenicity are yet to be determined [16–20]. Reported prevalence figures vary depending on methods used, patient population and location [20–23]. Trophozoites of G. intestinalis and E. histolytica are analysed either as motile in fresh samples or by staining of SAF-fixed samples, mainly only on request. The recommended method for D. fragilis is trichrome staining of fresh or SAF-fixed samples [24–26] and is usually done only on request.
Validating microscopic colitis (MC) in Swedish pathology registers
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2018
Magnus Svensson, David Bergman, Ola Olén, Pär Myrelid, Johan Bohr, Anna Wickbom, Hamed Khalili, Andreas Münch, Jonas Halfvarson, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Tests for gastrointestinal infections as part of the diarrhea investigation were available in 111/215 patients (52%) (Table 3). These mainly consisted of stool cultures, but were in 59 (53%) of those patients combined with test for C. difficile toxin, and in a small number also with tests for viral and parasitic infections. In three cases where microbial pathogens had been detected (Giardia lamblia; Campylobacter jejuni; and Calici virus combined with ‘parasitic infection’), MC was regarded as unlikely. One woman with a 10-month history of diarrhea and weight loss had fecal Dientamoeba fragilis combined with Blastocystis hominis four months prior to a biopsy showing LC; new stool samples 2 months prior to biopsy were negative for these parasites and we classified this case as confirmed LC.
Pediatric chronic spontaneous urticaria: a brief clinician’s guide
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2022
Martina Votto, Giovanna Achilli, Maria De Filippo, Amelia Licari, Alessia Marseglia, Alice Moiraghi, Antonio Di Sabatino, Gian Luigi Marseglia
Viral, bacterial, and parasite infections are historically reported as potential causes of CU [13–16], but the causal-effect mechanism is still debated [17]. The prevalence of parasite infections (Blastocystis hominis, Giardia lamblia, Dientamoeba fragilis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis) in children with CU is 0–37%, with a high variability range [12]. However, the eradication of chronic parasite infections in several pediatric case reports did not always result in urticaria remission [18,19].