China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Family Caulimoviridae
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The family Caulimoviridae consists currently of 11 genera and 94 species. Some viruses cause economically important diseases of tropical and subtropical crops (Teycheney et al. 2020). The transmission occurs through insect vectors (aphids, mealybugs, leafhoppers, lace bugs) and grafting. The activation of infectious endogenous viral elements occurs in Musa balbisiana, Petunia hybrida, and Nicotiana edwardsonii. However, most endogenous caulimoviruses are not infectious (Teycheney et al. 2020). The cauliflower mosaic virus-Cabb (V00141) (CaMV) from the Cauliflower mosaic virus species of the genus Caulimovirus is a typical representative of the family Caulimoviridae.
Ecology
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
During patient care simulations, the phage MS2 and cauliflower mosaic virus DNA performed similarly as surrogate markers of pathogen dissemination (Alhmidi et al. 2017b). An ethanol-based spray disinfectant significantly reduced contamination of the phage MS2 on material from gowns worn by personnel but was affected by the type of gown material and the correctness of fit (Koganti et al. 2017). Moreover, by the permanent MS2 control, the dissemination of viruses from computer touchscreens in patient waiting areas was reduced through patient hand hygiene and an automated UV-C touchscreen disinfection device (Alhmidi et al. 2017a, 2018). A recent tracking and controlling study of soft-surface contamination in healthcare settings was performed with the MS2 as a tracer (Sexton et al. 2018). The special aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of the USEPA-registered soft surface sanitizer in the health care environment. Alhmidi et al. (2019) used the MS2 tracking to evaluate contamination of healthcare personnel during removal of contaminated gloves. Furthermore, the MS2 tracer was employed to measure the resistance of fabric of the protective clothing to liquid and viral penetration (Li M et al. 2019). Wilson et al. (2019) developed a model to predict virus concentration on nurses’ hands using data from the phage MS2 tracer study conducted in Tucson, Arizona, in an urgent care facility.
Edible Vaccine
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Vivek K. Chaturvedi, Sushil K. Dubey, N. Tabassum, M.P. Singh
Human growth hormone (hGH2) gene has successfully been transformed in mushroom, showing that mushroom is very useful plant for production of transgenic edible vaccine. Pleurotus eryngii (King oyster mushroom) transformed by the recombinant vector (pPEVbGH) containing Bovine growth hormones (bGH) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation showed control of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV).63 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), free radicals, or peroxidases are formed during the metabolism of oxygen. ROS play an important role by regulating cellular processes like cell growth, ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis, which causes DNA and protein damage. To reduce oxidative stress, methionine sulfoxidereductase A (PoMsrA) gene overexpression in Pleurotus ostreatus via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, Pleurotus ostreatus behave like EV, which reduces ROS under stress conditions.87
Modern vaccine strategies for emerging zoonotic viruses
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Atif Ahmed, Muhammad Safdar, Samran Sardar, Sahar Yousaf, Fiza Farooq, Ali Raza, Muhammad Shahid, Kausar Malik, Samia Afzal
The major strategies used to produce plant-based vaccines are nuclear, transplastomic, and viral vector transformation. Nuclear transformation is a very simple and widely used method because the foreign antigen is inserted into the nuclear genome. Agrobacterium tumefaciens or gene gun-mediated transformation is used for gene transfer. The nuclear transformation results in the continuous production of recombinant proteins. Additionally, nuclear transformation also results in the post-translational modification that takes place in eukaryotic systems [93,94]. But it is also coupled with some disadvantages including, lower expression level, gene silencing, position effect, and a chance of contamination. The chloroplast transformation overcomes some of the drawbacks of nuclear transformation, which has hampered commercialization as a plant-based recombinant vaccine. The desired gene (for an antigen) is directly introduced into the genome of the plant chloroplast by using a particle cannon. Most of the currently reported edible vaccines were produced by this method because of the high stability in gene expression. In chloroplasts, many viral antigens like rotavirus and canine parvovirus were expressed. Through overcoat and epic at technologies, several viruses such as cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), alfalfa mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), tomato bushy stunt virus, and potato virus are designed to express the part of antigenic protein on their surface as reviewed in [95].
Plant-made vaccines against parasites: bioinspired perspectives to fight against Chagas disease
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2021
Abel Ramos-Vega, Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante, Eric Dumonteil, Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández, Carlos Angulo
A major challenge to achieve an affordable plant-made vaccine against Chagas disease and any other disease is to reach high protein yields. Since the first investigation of recombinant antigen expressed in Nicotiana tabacum plants through the stable transformation of the nuclear genome [107], many vaccine prototypes have been developed by using strong promoters, such as 35S from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV35S) [108]. Regarding parasite-derived antigens, this CaMV35S promoter has been evaluated to express a parasitic Taenia solium antigen HP6-TSOL18 with yields of up to 14 µg g−1 dry-weight through nuclear carrot transformation [23]. In another study, ubiquitin (a relevant plant promoter) has been co-expressed as a cysteine proteinase antigen chaperon from the parasite Fasciola hepatica where the nuclear expression in lettuce resulted in higher yields (20 μg/g wet weight) than the antigen expression without ubiquitin [25].
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using transgenic Nicotiana tabacum callus culture expressing silicatein gene from marine sponge Latrunculia oparinae
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Yuri N. Shkryl, Galina N. Veremeichik, Dmitriy G. Kamenev, Tatiana Y. Gorpenchenko, Yulia A. Yugay, Dmitriy V. Mashtalyar, Aleksander V. Nepomnyaschiy, Tatiana V. Avramenko, Aleksandr A. Karabtsov, Vladimir V. Ivanov, Victor P. Bulgakov, Sergey V. Gnedenkov, Yury N. Kulchin, Yury N. Zhuravlev
Plasmids, pSAT6-MCS and pSAT6-EGFP-N1 [38], both containing the tandem cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35 S promoter, tobacco etch virus (TEV) leader and the CaMV 35 S terminator, were used for construction of plant expression vectors. LoSilA1 was sub-cloned as an EcoRI-ApaI fragment into the same sites of the linearized plasmid. The obtained constructions pSAT6-LoSilA1 and pSAT6-LoSilA1-EGFP were checked for the absence of mutations by DNA sequencing, as described earlier [39] at the Instrumental Centre of Biotechnology and Gene Engineering of FSCEATB FEB RAS using an ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Both newly constructed expression cassettes and the original EGFP expression cassette from pSAT6-EGFP-N1 were further excised as PI-PspI-fragments and sub-cloned into the binary vector pPZP-RCS2-nptII [38,40] containing left and right border regions of Ti plasmid and a gene for kanamycin resistance (nptII) under the control of octopine synthase (ocs) promoter and terminator sequences. The final constructions (Figure 1), pPZP-RCS2-nptII/LoSilA1, pPZP-RCS2-nptII/LoSilA1-EGFP and pPZP-RCS2-nptII/EGFP, together with the original empty vector, pPZP-RCS2-nptII, were transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105/pTiBo542 [41] by electroporation (BioRad Gene Pulser, 0.1 cm cuvettes, 25mF, >2.5 kV) in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol. Individual colonies were selected on LB medium containing 150 mg/l rifampicin, 300 mg/l spectinomycin and 200 mg/l streptomycin at 28 °C.