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Control of Human Intestinal Nematode Infections
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
This intestinal infection is caused by Capillaria philippinensis. This is one of the most pathogenic nematodes known in man. The eggs of this small nematode infect several species of freshwater fish, most of which are eaten raw in the Phillipines and Thailand. Pathologic changes are usually confined to the jejunum, with thousands of parasites found throughout the jejunal tissue. Untreated patients experience diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and heart failure that may lead to death. The life cycle and treatment of this disease have been described by Dr. J. H. Cross.4
The Helminths
Published in Donald L. Price, Procedure Manual for the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites, 2017
The adult parasites of Capillaria philippinensis inhabit the intestine and eggs are passed in the feces. The life cycle is not confirmed but infection is thought to occur from eating uncooked, fresh-water fish. Although initially thought to be limited to the island of Luzon in the Philippines, a few cases have been reported from Thailand. Autoinfection is believed to occur and is the explanation given for the extremely heavy worm burdens reported.
Albendazole
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Capillaria philippinensis infection was formerly a cause of outbreaks of severe, sometimes lethal, intestinal infections in Southeast Asian island communities. It has become rarer in recent years. The only formal study conducted in the Philippines showed albendazole to be effective at a dose of 400 mg daily for 10 days in 15 of 16 patients (Cross and Basaca-Sevilla, 1987). Other case reports confirm the efficacy (Bhaibulaya and Kobwanthanakan, 1984; Chichino et al., 1992; Austin et al., 1999, and more recently Bair et al., 2004). Although the activity of the drug against the geographically more widespread C. hepatica has not been formally established in clinical trials, albendazole has been shown to significantly reduce egg production in mice (Markus and Cheetham, 1985). A single case report from Brazil suggests that similar dose regimens may be effective in human infection (Sawamura et al., 1999).
Ecological studies on the helminth parasites of catfishes Bagrus spp. (Bagridae) and Chrysichthys auratus (Claroteidae) inhabiting Damietta branch, River Nile, Egypt
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Hend E. Allam, Mohamed I. Mashaly, Mohamed M. El-Naggar
The present investigation has revealed that the catfishes B. bajad and B. docmak harbored one monogenean species, Q. bagrae, three digenean species, A. absconditum, A. spiniceps and H. cahirinus, and one nematode called C. fritschi while the catfish C. auratus harbored only one monogenean species, P. mansourensis at Damietta branch of the River Nile. Mansour et al. [23] recorded the same digeneans A. absconditum, A. spiniceps, and H. cahirinus from the same host (Bagrus spp.) inhabiting Damietta branch of the River Nile and its tributaries. Moreover, Mansour et al. [23] detected two nematode species, Spinitectus allaeri Campana-Rouget, 1961 and C. fritschi. However, S. allaeri was not observed in the present study. Also, no cestode parasites were recorded either in the present study or by Mansour et al. [23]. However, Imam et al. [24] described cestodes from the intestine of B. bajad. Saoud and Wannas [25] made a helminthological survey on C. auratus, B. bajad, and B. docmak collected along different seasons from Aswan High Dam Lake and found no parasites on all examined fish of C. auratus. Meanwhile, Saoud and Wannas [25] detected three digeneans (A. absconditum, A. spiniceps and H. cahirinus) and one Acanthocephalan (Paragorgorhynchus sp.) from the gastrointestinal canal of both B. bajad and B. docmak. Osman et al. [26] reported the digeneans A. spiniceps, A. absconditum and H. cahirinus and the nematodes, S. allaeri, Procamallanus laevichonchus wedl,1862 and C. fritschi from B. docmak collected from three different regions of Menoufiya Governorate: Bahr Shebeen, Albagoreya, and Sabal Drainage Canals. Neither S. allaeri nor P. laevichonchus has been recorded in the present study. Taha [27] recorded only the nematode parasite Capillaria sp. and the acanthocephalan Polymorphus sp. from B. bajad in Ismailia Canal.