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Order Martellivirales: Bromoviridae
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The family Bromoviridae under the current official ICTV view (Bujarski et al. 2019; ICTV 2020) includes 6 genera and 36 species, where the genera Alfamovirus, Bromovirus, and Cucumovirus are of primary concern to the VLP nanotechnologies. The Bromoviridae members are exclusively plant viruses, whose virions are variable in morphology (i.e., spherical or bacilliform) and are transmitted between hosts mechanically, in/on the pollen and nonpersistently by insect vectors. The members of the family are responsible for major disease epidemics in fruit, vegetable, and fodder crops such as tomato, cucurbits, bananas, fruit trees, and alfalfa. The six genera are based on virus host range, genome content, and vector. The members of the genera Alfamovirus and Cucumovirus are transmitted by aphids, those of Anulavirus and Ilarvirus by thrips and/or pollen, the members of Bromovirus by beetles, while the transmission route for members of the genus Oleavirus remains unknown (Bujarski et al. 2019).
Merits of the ‘good’ viruses: the potential of virus-based therapeutics
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Qianyu Zhang, Wen Wu, Jinqiang Zhang, Xuefeng Xia
Besides, the packaged viral capsid proteins allow the encapsulation of drugs, imaging reagents, and other nano-carriers. For example, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), which belongs to Bromoviridae of plant viruses, can be produced in yeast-based expression systems without the viral genome. The structure of CCMV is dynamic as it undergoes reversible pH-dependent swelling [85]. CCMV is stable around pH 5.0 and dissembles under pH 7.5 and low ionic strength. The transition can be reversed once the pH drops to 5.0 or when the ionic strength increases. As the interior surface of CCMV shows a high positive charge due to the presence of arginine and lysine residues, CCMV is thus suitable for the encapsulation and delivery of negatively charged moieties. Other than encapsulation, techniques such as infusion, mineralization, genetic engineering, and bioconjugation can also be employed in developing functionalized VLPs to improve the targeting efficacy or vehicle stability [82].
Metagenomic analysis of intestinal mucosa revealed a specific eukaryotic gut virome signature in early-diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease
Published in Gut Microbes, 2019
Federica Ungaro, Luca Massimino, Federica Furfaro, Valeria Rimoldi, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Silvia D’Alessio, Silvio Danese
Pearson correlation analysis revealed that higher levels of Hepadnaviridae in UC patients correlated with low levels of Polydnaviridae and Tymoviridae (Figure 3A and 3B); consistently, both Polydnaviridae and Tymoviridae were significantly decreased in UC patients by comparison with Ctrl (Figure 3C and 3D). Similarly, higher levels of Hepeviridae in cCD and iCD was compensated by the reduced abundance of the Virgaviridae family, versus Ctrl (Figure 3E), with a significant negative correlation in cCD (Figure 3F). Finally, the enrichment of Baculoviridae in iCD was associated with lower levels of both Partitiviridae and Bromoviridae by comparison with cCD (Figure 3G and 3H). Also in this case we found a negative correlation between Baculoviridae and Partitiviridae and Bromoviridae (Figure 3I-J).