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Order Lefavirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
After a very long time of the unassigned status of the Baculoviridae family within the viral word, the order Lefavirales was established as a sole member of the novel class Naldaviricetes, in full accordance with the recent proposal of Harrison et al. (2020b). Nevertheless, the class Naldaviricetes is not assigned to any higher taxonomic unit and still remains independent of the great dsDNA virus realms. Along with the Lefavirales order, the class Naldaviricetes includes a nonordered family Nimaviridae, which is described in this chapter. The Lefavirales order, in turn, currently involves 3 families, namely, Baculoviridae, Hytrosaviridae, and Nudiviridae, 10 genera, and 98 species altogether. The members of the Baculoviridae family infect exclusively larvae-stage insects from the orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera (Harrison et al. 2018), were isolated from more than 600 host insect species, and play an important ecological role regulating the size of insect populations (Slack and Arif 2007). Thus, some baculoviruses have been developed as biopesticides for targeted biocontrol agents against forestry and agriculture pests. Moreover, the baculoviruses played an enormously great role as vectors by the expression of a huge number of recombinant proteins including the successful production of numerous VLPs, which are described in virtually all the chapters of the present VLP guide. Thus, the baculovirus-driven expression in insect cells and larvae generated a set of widely used and highly efficient methods to produce both natural and chimeric VLPs, as proved by numerous reviews (Kost and Condreay 1999; Fernandes et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2013; Rohrmann 2013, 2019; Lin SY et al. 2014; Yamaji 2014; Chambers et al. 2018; Gopal and Schneemann 2018; Gupta et al. 2019; Possee et al. 2020; Puente-Massaguer et al. 2020). As direct subjects of the VLP ideology, baculoviruses may be considered first in the role of the live carriers displaying foreign proteins on the surface of infectious pseudotyped virions.
Metagenomic analysis of intestinal mucosa revealed a specific eukaryotic gut virome signature in early-diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease
Published in Gut Microbes, 2019
Federica Ungaro, Luca Massimino, Federica Furfaro, Valeria Rimoldi, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Silvia D’Alessio, Silvio Danese
Pearson correlation analysis revealed that higher levels of Hepadnaviridae in UC patients correlated with low levels of Polydnaviridae and Tymoviridae (Figure 3A and 3B); consistently, both Polydnaviridae and Tymoviridae were significantly decreased in UC patients by comparison with Ctrl (Figure 3C and 3D). Similarly, higher levels of Hepeviridae in cCD and iCD was compensated by the reduced abundance of the Virgaviridae family, versus Ctrl (Figure 3E), with a significant negative correlation in cCD (Figure 3F). Finally, the enrichment of Baculoviridae in iCD was associated with lower levels of both Partitiviridae and Bromoviridae by comparison with cCD (Figure 3G and 3H). Also in this case we found a negative correlation between Baculoviridae and Partitiviridae and Bromoviridae (Figure 3I-J).
Recent progress in LyP-1-based strategies for targeted imaging and therapy
Published in Drug Delivery, 2019
Ningning Song, Lingzhou Zhao, Meilin Zhu, Jinhua Zhao
The targeting and internalization capacity of LyP-1 made it a candidate as an active molecule for cancer gene therapy. Oker-Blom et al. selected the virus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), a prototype of the Baculoviridae family, as a delivery vehicle for gene therapy due to its ready manipulation, high ability to accept foreign DNA and low toxicity (Makela et al., 2006). In vitro studies using MDA-MB-435 and HepG2 cells showed that the binding and transduction efficiency of AcMNPV-LyP-1 were remarkably higher than those of AcMNPV without LyP-1. Block experiments proved that AcMNPV played a role in transduction and was enhanced by LyP-1 (Makela et al., 2008). SiRNA technology in tumor therapy remains challenging due to the lack of specific recognition. Ren et al. established the siRNA carrier composed of tandem LyP-1 and cell-penetrating peptides. The results showed that this complex entered into cells by endocytosis and was sequestered in endosomes with appreciable release of siRNA from endosomes (Ren et al., 2012). In their further study, the complex of LyP-1-cell-penetrating-peptide showed excellent capacity in delivering ID4-specified siRNAs in OVCAR-4 human ovarian tumor-bearing mice (Ren et al., 2012). In another study, the positively-charged nanocomplexes of nine arginines conjugated with LyP-1 were prepared for loading negatively-charged siRNA and endosomal release peptide E9, and the results showed satisfactory knockdown and biological response efficiency (Bjorge et al., 2017).
Induction of adaptive immune response by self-aggregating peptides
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2018
Jesus Zepeda-Cervantes, Luis Vaca
Some viral proteins self-assemble and can be used to synthesize VLPs. Particularly, we have reported some peptides derived from AcNPV that self-aggregate [65]. AcNPV belongs to the family Baculoviridae [66]. Recombinant baculoviruses are used for different applications, being the most prominent the production of heterologous proteins [67]. In nature, baculoviruses are occluded into occlusion bodies called ‘polyhedra’ which protect occluded baculoviruses from the environment for years. Polyhedrin is the main protein found in the polyhedra [68]. We have synthesized NPs by using the first 110 amino acids of polyhedrin (PH(1–110)). Our in silico analysis suggested that PH(1–110) contains two repeats formed each of two β-sheets followed by an α-helix. Apparently, these structure repeats allow self-aggregating of polyhedrin. The GFP fused in the C-terminus of PH(1–110) does not affect the NPs formation, but when GFP is fused to the C- terminus of PH(110–245) prevents the self-aggregation, resulting in soluble proteins. Most interestingly, PH(1–110) forms polyhedra-like structures but not canonical polyhedra, as it would the full-length sequence of polyhedrin (1–245 amino acids) [65]. These structures can be observed after 3 days of infection (Figure 1).