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Infection and immunology
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
5.32. Which of the following statements is/are correct?Macrophages are derived from precursor cells in the bone marrow.Β lymphocytes are the precursors of plasma cells.Τ lymphocytes are the precursors of immunoglobulin-forming cells.Τ lymphocytes are responsible for rejecting grafts.The plasma cells produce transfer factor.
Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Published in Jay A. Goldstein, Chronic Fatigue Syndromes, 2020
Transfer factor, a leukocyte dialysate, has been used by several groups. The only double-blind study was done by the Australians who found no efficacy.28 It is claimed by those who still use it that the Australian transfer factor was made improperly. Using disease-specific transfer factor made from household contacts is thought to be important.
Coccidioidomycosis
Published in Rebecca A. Cox, Immunology of the Fungal Diseases, 2020
Numerous reports emerged during the next two decades on the efficacy of transfer factor as an immunotherapeutic agent in diseases associated with cellular immune defects(s).243 These promising clinical trials, coupled with the inefficacy of chemotherapy in patients with severe coccidioidomycosis, encouraged investigators to evaluate transfer factor in the treatment of this disease. Initial studies by a number of independent investigators yielded extremely encouraging results.244–248 Not only did transfer factor effect conversion of in vivo and in vitro T-cell reactivity to coccidioidal antigens, but such conversions were accompanied by dramatic clinical improvement. These findings led to a multicentered collaborative study by the Coccidioides Cooperative Treatment Group (CCTG). The results obtained with a large series of patients treated with various regimens of transfer factor, alone or adjunctive with amphotericin B, provided compelling evidence that transfer factor was effective in the treatment of the disease.197,249,251 Probable cures were reported in 15 (27%) of 55 patients and clinical improvement in 25% of the remaining patients.
The outcome of a preoperative one-minute sit-to-stand test is associated with ventilation time after cardiac surgery
Published in Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2021
Jan Gofus, Martin Vobornik, Vladimir Koblizek, Marek Pojar, Jan Vojacek
Spirometry, bodyplethysmography, and transfer factor assessment were performed according to the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines [15]. The results are expressed as percentage of the predicted values for adults. We examined the following parameters: obstruction: forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in the first second divided by vital capacity (FEV1/VC), Tiffeneau-Pinelli index–forced expiratory volume in the first second divided by forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), maximal expiratory flow at 50% of vital flow capacity (MEF50%), airway resistance (Raw); restriction: vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC); pulmonary hyperinflation: residual volume (RV), residual volume divided by total lung capacity (RV/TLC); diffusion: transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO), transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide (KCO). All the measurements were performed by a respiratory technician in a single device (Bodystyk and Diffustik, Geratherm Respiratory GmbH, Bad Kissingen, Germany) and evaluated by a highly experienced respiratory physician (VK).
Recurrent asthma exacerbations: co-existing asthma and common variable immunodeficiency
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
H. Ibrahim, J. Walsh, D. Casey, J. Murphy, B. J. Plant, P. O’Leary, D. M. Murphy
Pulmonary function testing was undertaken. Spirometry demonstrated FEV1 of 2.25 liters (73% of predicted) increasing to 2.54 liters post bronchodilator. FEV1/FVC ratio was obstructive and her MMEF75-25 was 28% predicted. Findings were consistent with a diagnosis of asthma although her transfer factor was mildly reduced at 70% of predicted. Her eosinophil levels were within normal ranges, IgE levels were undetectable (total IgE level < 2.0 IU/ml – normal range 0–81 IU/ml), and a panel of allergen-specific IgE were negative. Her alpha-1 anti-trypsin level was normal.