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Grafts and Local Flaps in Head and Neck Cancer
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
A graft is a piece of tissue that is transferred from one site to another, devascularizing it in the process. The area from which the graft is taken is known as the donor site and the area to which the graft is applied is known as the recipient site. Grafts can be classified according to their composition—skin, bone, cartilage, fat, mucosa, or composite grafts which consist of two or more different tissue types9 (e.g. a septal mucosal graft consisting of septum and mucosa). They can also be classified according to their source. An autograft is a graft taken from one part of an individual’s body and transferred to a different part of that same individual. An isograft is a graft transferred between genetically identical individuals, such as between identical twins. An allograft is transferred from one individual to another of the same species. A xenograft is a graft transferred between different species.
Transplant Surgery
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Samia Ijaz, Neil Russell, Tim Allen-Mersh, 300 Essentials SBAs in Surgery, 2017
Kaji Sritharan, Samia Ijaz, Neil Russell, Tim Allen-Mersh
An autograft is the transplant from one part of the body to another (e.g. a skin graft). An allograft is a transplant between members of the same species. An isograft is a transplant between identical twins. A xenograft is a transplant between members of different species (e.g. pig to human). A heterograft is another name for a xenograft.
Cuff Anastomosis of Both Renal Artery and Vein to Minimize Thrombosis: A Novel Method of Kidney Transplantation in Mice
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Yi Yu, Jun Li, Zirong Bi, Chenglin Wu, Shicong Yang, Qifeng Jiang, Ronghai Deng, Qian Fu, Longshan Liu, Changxi Wang
Murine models are important tools for studies of kidney transplantation due to availability of a variety of genetically well-defined strains and a widest range of molecular probes and reagents. Murine kidney transplantation model was originally described by Skoskiewicz et al. in 1973 [1], with subsequent modifications over the last three decades [2]. Anastomosis of renal artery and renal vein between the donor and recipient mice is conventionally conducted using sutures and requires extensive training in microsurgical technique. Cuff technique has been utilized to anastomose small vessels in animal transplantation models of other organs, including the heart [3–5], liver [6, 7], limb [8], and lungs [9]. Chen et al. recently reported a rapid “cuffed” technique for renal vein anastomosis in mouse kidney transplantation [10]. Inspired by Chen’s study, we developed a cuff technique to anastomose both renal artery and vein in mice. The following is a summarization of the method and long-term results of isograft transplantation.
Modifiable factors and their association with self-reported knee function and activity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Rebecca Joan Galea-O’Neill, Andrea Maree Bruder, Jimmy Goulis, Nora Shields
Studies were eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: (1) participants were adolescents and adults (aged ≥16 years, ≤70 years) who underwent unilateral primary or first revision ACLR, after complete rupture, with autografts from the hamstring, quadriceps, or patella tendon; (2) were written in English; (3) were published in full text in a peer-reviewed journal; (4) were of prospective or retrospective study design, for example, randomized control trials, cohort or case-series; and (5) investigated the association between one of the four modifiable factors of interest (i.e. BMI, smoking status, prehabilitation or time to reconstruction) with one of the following outcomes: self-reported knee function; ACL graft rupture; or return to sport. Articles were excluded if ACL grafts were synthetic, isograft or allograft. In a minor deviation from the registered systematic review protocol, articles evaluating the effect of bracing on ACLR were excluded as a comprehensive systematic review of 12 randomized controlled trials had already been completed (Wright et al., 2008). Two reviewers (RGO, JG) independently evaluated each article for eligibility.