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Phytomedicines Targeting Antibiotic Resistance through Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation Associated with Acne Vulgaris
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Isa A. Lambrechts, Namrita Lall
Staphylococcus epidermidis produce Enterococcus faecalis surface proteins (Esp) that inhibit proteins involved in S. aureus biofilm production and growth. This serine protease enhances the antimicrobial activity of human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2) produced by keratinocytes due to inflammation but does not have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria alone. Furthermore, S. epidermidis releases antimicrobial molecules such as phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) that cause membrane leakage and targets mostly Streptococcus pyogenes and S. aureus. Cutibacterium acnes, another commensal skin bacterium, can protect the skin from pathogens such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Cutibacterium acnes protects the skin from pathogens through fermenting glycerol, a product of sebum triglyceride hydrolysis, lowering the pH and inhibiting MRSA growth (Schröder and Harder, 1999; Sanford and Gallo, 2013).
Lasers for the treatment of psoriasis: a systematic review
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Kristine Heidemeyer, Mustafa Kulac, Andrea Sechi, Simone Cazzaniga, Luigi Naldi
Pulsed-dye lasers produce a selective injury of superficial vessels up to 1.2 mm depth with thrombosis, vessel wall necrosis, and perivascular collagen damage with only minimal thermal effect on surrounding tissue [96]. Treatment of psoriasis plaques with PDL leads to a significant reduction of the microvessel density in the superficial papillary dermis [45]. This reduction, which usually peaks after 2 weeks of laser treatment, is associated with a reduction of plaque severity [97]. PDL helps reducing active and memory T-helper cells as well as cytotoxic T-cells in the dermis and epidermis [98]. The reduction of T-lymphocytes has been directly explained by destruction of vessels and more precisely by a significant reduction of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and increase of TGFβ-2 along with its inhibitory effect [44,49,70]. Also a significant reduction of Human beta defensin-2 was found in a study [44]. Furthermore, PDL normalizes epidermal turnover and pathologic keratinization [98].
The expression of β-Defensin-2, IL-22, IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 in rat model of Klebsiella pneumonia and their correlation with histological grades
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2020
Jianyong Fan, Yuan Luo, Yan Qin, Changgui Wu, Xinpeng Han, Haifeng Ouyang, Liyuan Zhang, Pei Cai, Nie Li
Beta-defensins (βDs) are small cationic peptides as natural antimicrobial molecules [1–3] which exists in the injured skin, oral mucosa, infected epithelial cells and epidermis keratinocytes [4]. Previous studies have reported that beta-defensin-2(βD2) has broad-spectrum antimicrobial capability in vitro which is regulated by ion concentration. On the other hand, IL-22 is a kind of inflammatory cytokine mainly produced by Th17 cells and participates in various kinds of immune response [5, 6]. The receptor for IL-22 is composed of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2. IL-10R2 is constitutively expressed while the IL-22R1 is specially expressed in the inflamed tissues [7]. To date, the expression profile and the function of βDs and IL-22 in the pathological processes of Klebsiella pneumonia are less clear.
Platelet rich plasma injection versus topical erythromycin 2% in treatment of acne vulgaris
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Zainab A. Ibrahim, Shereen F. Gheida, Amira R. El-Halaby, Ghada F. R. Hassan, Dareen A. Mohammed
Tohidnezhad et al. (17) confirmed in a study the presence of antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) in platelets by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, suggesting hBD-2 as the agent that promotes anti-infective capabilities against E. coli and P. mirabilis. There is also antimicrobial activity of PRP against B. megaterium and E. faecalis detectable. Also, Bielecki et al. (18) reported that PRP inhibits gram positive bacterial growth including S. aureus strains.