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Transplantation
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Jonathon Olsburgh, Rhana H. Zakri
In childhood, dietary carbohydrates can mimic group A and group B Ag.Children develop blood group antibodies (Ab) to these ‘antigens’.Blood group A: anti-blood group B Ab are produced.Blood group B: anti-blood group A Ab.Blood group O: anti-blood group A and B Ab.Blood group AB: no anti-blood group Ab.
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
In early childhood, a person with blood group A will develop antigens to blood group B; conversely, those with blood group B will develop antigens to blood group A. Persons with blood group AB have no antigens, whereas those with blood group O have antigens to both A and B. This is illustrated in Figure 6.13.
Gastrointestinal cancer
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
Each year in the United Kingdom there are 6700 cases of stomach cancer, 4400 cases in men and 2400 cases in women, accounting for 2% of all cancer cases and leading to a total of 4400 deaths per annum. Incidence rates are highest in those over 85 years. The incidence of stomach cancer in the United Kingdom has fallen by more than a quarter in the past 10 years and is forecast to fall by another 17% over the next 20 years. The O blood group confers some protection against developing stomach cancer while the A blood group is associated with a higher incidence of the diffuse form of stomach cancer. It is associated with a deprivation index in the United Kingdom and more common in black races compared to white with the lowest incidence in Asians. The incidence is however very high in Japan and Chile.
Forward and reverse typing discrepancy and crossmatch incompatibility of ABO blood groups: cause analysis and treatment
Published in Hematology, 2023
Hongmei Qiu, Xuechun Wang, Yan Shao
ABO subtype, also known as ABO variant, is associated with the following blood group test results: (1) forward and reverse ABO blood group typing discrepancy; (2) consistent forward and reverse ABO blood group typing with forward blood group typing response intensity ≤ 3 + or reverse blood group typing response intensity ≤ 2, as seen in the two cases of subtype AB in this study. Anti-H agglutination intensity is the major criterion for defining ABO subtypes. From strong to weak, the H antigen of each blood group is O>A2>B>A1>A2B>A1B. The antigen identification method was determined based on the results of the absorption and diffusion test in which the absorptive capacity of subtypes was lower than that of normal red blood cells but the diffusion capacity was higher [10]. The absorption and diffusion tests are typically used to detect ABO subtypes when there are discrepancies between forward and reverse ABO blood group typing, or when forward blood group typing is O. This method, however, has a few drawbacks. An additional genetic test based on molecular biology is recommended if possible.
Association between ABO blood groups and preeclampsia
Published in Hypertension in Pregnancy, 2023
Hid Felizardo Cordero-Franco, Ana María Salinas-Martínez, Luis Ángel Garza-de Hoyos, Sofía Denisse González-Rueda, Joaquín Darío Treviño Báez, Francisco Javier Guzmán-de la Garza
Measures of central tendency and dispersion were estimated for quantitative variables and proportions for categorical variables. Cases and controls were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, or chi-square test, depending on the scale of the variable. Univariate and multivariate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using binary multiple logistic regression. Two models were run separately, one for nulliparous patients and the other for multiparous patients. The blood group was used as an independent variable after classifying patients according to blood type (A, B, AB, and O; type O was used as the reference group). Preeclampsia/eclampsia was the dependent variable (1 = yes), and confounding variables varied according to nulliparity status (the model for multiparous patients included a medical history of preeclampsia (27) and inter-pregnancy interval (28). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Relationship between maternal ABO blood groups and pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in Dongguan, China
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Jing-Yun Yu, Bi Jiang, Xin-Jian Zhang, Si-Si Wei, Wei-Chao He
The ABO blood groups, discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1900, include four major ‘ABO’ phenotypes—‘A’, ‘B’, ‘O’ and ‘AB’ (Huang et al. 2017). ABO blood types are the most important blood groups in medicine and are defined by the carbohydrate moiety displayed on the surface of red blood cells and attached to the precursor H substance (Huang et al. 2017). In addition to red blood cells, blood group antigens can also be found on white blood cells, some tissues, plasma proteins, platelets and various cell surface enzymes, and even in body fluids (Abegaz 2021). Correlations between blood type and some diseases may exist because of the presence of blood group antigens. In 1953, it was first reported that there is a statistically significant association between blood type A and the risk of gastric cancer (Aird et al. 1953). Since then, research on the relationship between blood types and diseases has been continuous. Various studies on the correlation between specific blood types and various infectious and non-infectious diseases have been reported (Chen et al. 2016; Abegaz 2021).