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The Inducible System: Antigens
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
Still, tissues cannot be freely transferred from one member of a species to another member of the same species. Molecules of one individual of a species which are antigenic in another member of the same species are called isoantigens and the antibodies that are produced are called isoantibodies. A well-studied example of such antigens is the ABO blood group system in humans. These blood groups are defined by the presence or absence of different glycoproteins on the surfaces of red blood cells. Groups A and B differ only in one sugar: group A glycoproteins have a terminal N-acetyl galactosamine amine and group B glycoproteins have galactos-amine. The genes thai determine these blood groups encode the transferases responsible for synthesis of the oligosaccharide portion of the glycoprotein. If an Individ ual lacks the gene for the A transferase, he will develop antibodies to A in his blood serum from exposure to similar bacterial antigenic determinants. If the blood of this individual is transfused to someone with type A blood, these isoantibodies will clump and destroy the red blood cells of the recipient. For this reason, careful blood typing is standard procedure before blood transfusion.
Medicines management
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Kirsty Andrews, Martina O’Brien
The main problem with blood products is that they carry different antigens on their cell surfaces, which are described by the different blood groups (A, B, AB and O) and by the Rhesus factor. This means that, if the person’s blood is not matched or they are not given the correct blood group (incompatibility), they will quickly become ill with a haemolytic reaction and could die if not treated fast (Serious Hazards of Transfusion [SHOT] 2020).
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
There are between 30 and 50 antigens on the plasma membranes of red blood cells, however, the main focus in relation to matching blood for patients who need transfusions is the AB and rhesus antigens. Everyone has only one of the following blood groups: Group A (surface antigen A present on plasma membrane).Group B (surface antigen B present on plasma membrane).Group AB (no surface antigens present on plasma membrane).Group O (surface antigens A and B present on plasma membrane).
Forward and reverse typing discrepancy and crossmatch incompatibility of ABO blood groups: cause analysis and treatment
Published in Hematology, 2023
Hongmei Qiu, Xuechun Wang, Yan Shao
Transfusing blood is a crucial therapeutic and life-saving procedure in the medical field. However, it is crucial to confirm the blood group of the recipient before a transfusion is given. Typically, crossmatching of blood is conducted in cases where time is not of the essence. Discrepancies in forward and reverse blood group typing and/or crossmatch incompatibility are common clinical occurrences [1]. In such a scenario, the blood transfusion (blood bank) staff must investigate the root causes, run numerous tests, rule out potential interferences, double-check the accuracy of blood group results, and select compatible blood for transfusion. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 23 cases of forward and reverse blood group typing discrepancy and 57 cases of crossmatch incompatibility, to determine the causes and treatments that facilitate accurate blood group typing and crossmatching, and thus, ensure timely and safe clinical blood transfusion.
Relationship between maternal ABO blood groups and pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in Dongguan, China
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Jing-Yun Yu, Bi Jiang, Xin-Jian Zhang, Si-Si Wei, Wei-Chao He
The ABO blood groups, discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1900, include four major ‘ABO’ phenotypes—‘A’, ‘B’, ‘O’ and ‘AB’ (Huang et al. 2017). ABO blood types are the most important blood groups in medicine and are defined by the carbohydrate moiety displayed on the surface of red blood cells and attached to the precursor H substance (Huang et al. 2017). In addition to red blood cells, blood group antigens can also be found on white blood cells, some tissues, plasma proteins, platelets and various cell surface enzymes, and even in body fluids (Abegaz 2021). Correlations between blood type and some diseases may exist because of the presence of blood group antigens. In 1953, it was first reported that there is a statistically significant association between blood type A and the risk of gastric cancer (Aird et al. 1953). Since then, research on the relationship between blood types and diseases has been continuous. Various studies on the correlation between specific blood types and various infectious and non-infectious diseases have been reported (Chen et al. 2016; Abegaz 2021).
Relationship between ABO blood groups and preeclampsia
Published in Hypertension in Pregnancy, 2020
Nanhathai Mahasub, Dittakarn Boriboonhirunsarn
The ABO blood group system is a classification of blood types based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens on red blood cells and it is the most generally used blood group classification in clinical practice. The ABO antigens are also highly expressed on the surface of a variety of human cells and tissues, including epithelium, sensory neurons, platelets, and vascular endothelium (1). Many studies have shown the association between ABO blood group and certain diseases including infections, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and nervous system diseases (2–5). Relationship between ABO blood group and pregnancy complications has also been investigated in many previous studies, but with conflicting results. It is still controversial whether there are associations between ABO blood type and various adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia and related disorders, venous thromboembolism, postpartum hemorrhage, and gestational diabetes (6).