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Published in Lisa Jean Moore, Monica J. Casper, The Body, 2014
Lisa Jean Moore, Monica J. Casper
In some societies, the elderly enjoy high prestige. For example, in some pastoral societies, the elderly are called the gerontocracy. In most modern societies, however, the elderly are not well respected, with one of the few exceptions being Japan, where the elderly are considered wise and cultural values dictate respect.
The Psychology of Aging in Historical Perspective
Published in José León-Carrión, Margaret J. Giannini, Behavioral Neurology in the Elderly, 2001
During the 17th and 18th centuries this negative picture did not change. Neither the economic powers nor the Church were interested in the problem. Exceptions were the English and American Puritan societies, where a kind of gerontocracy of parents and ministers exalted the value of elderly people.
Contributions of Cognitive Aging Models to the Explanation of Source Memory Decline across the Adult Lifespan
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2020
Selene Cansino, Frine Torres-Trejo, Cinthya Estrada-Manilla, Miguel Pérez-Loyda, Cinthia Vargas-Martínez, Gabriela Tapia-Jaimes, Silvia Ruiz-Velasco
Older adults’ source memory performances benefit from knowledge (vocabulary), which mediates the effects of age on recollection through processing resources only in this particular age group. Our results are in agreement with those reported by Hedden et al. (2005); in this study, individuals above 55 years old benefit from knowledge to accomplish cued-recall tasks. This finding was interpreted as the fact that individuals with a large vocabulary are able to perform better associations between targets and cues, which in turn positively mediate their recollection performance. However, knowledge may also be conceived as a powerful approach to focus attention on meaningful information (Hess & Queen, 2014) or to perform heuristic decisions when part of the information is unavailable or unknown (Gigerenzer, 2008), as frequently occurs during the retrieval of memory representations. Indeed, knowledge or wisdom is the basis for gerontocracy, a rule in which older adults are conceived as leaders or counselors. This position was manifested in the city of Sparta in ancient Greek, which was ruled by the Gerousia, a council composed of individuals over 60 years old (Palmore, 1999). Young and middle-aged adults do not take advantage of their vocabulary to support their source memory, probably because other tactics are more efficient, such as speed in young adults and cognitive reserve in middle-aged adults. However, for older adults, current and previous results (Hedden et al., 2005) demonstrated that the use of knowledge is a powerful strategy to make accurate recollection judgments.