China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Nutrition-Focused History and Physical Examination (NFPE) in Malnutrition
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
From these descriptions, you should be able to recognize methods and tools used to assess muscle mass on a clinical examination. In later chapters, we will also discuss technological methods of measuring lean body mass. These include bioimpedance devices, axial CT scans and MRIs, DEXA scanning for lean body mass and muscle ultrasonography.
Dupuytren's Contracture
Published in J. Terrence Jose Jerome, Clinical Examination of the Hand, 2022
A clinical examination is the cornerstone of determining a diagnosis. It must be detailed and meticulous by reporting each joint-by-joint extension evaluation/deficit. This not only makes it possible to determine the stage of the disease in each finger, but also to establish a preoperative prognosis and above all, an element of comparison with the postoperative result. Finally, the importance of pictures should be emphasized.
Approach to a Child in the Outpatient Clinic
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
As is rightly said, clinical examination is an art that every resident/clinician needs to master to be a successful practitioner. The modern advances in diagnostic modalities can neither undermine the importance of clinical examination nor be a substitute for it. The art of examining a child should be entrusted to the trainee from the beginning of residency, as it is imperative to elicit key history and findings that can be easily masked otherwise. The examination of a child needs further training and practice as the comprehensive skills of a child may not match an adult counterpart and the clinician needs to be more talented and capable of picking up minor details. We will cover the basic aspects under four headings, as depicted below.
Investigating mental rehearsal’s applicability in guiding independent E-learning (IMAGINE) of eye examination skills during the pandemic
Published in Medical Teacher, 2023
Jianbin Ding, Andrew Shi-Jie Yap, Zheng Xian Thng, Nicola Yi’an Gan, Johnson Choon-Hwai Tan, Chee Chew Yip
Clinical examination (CE) is a core competency for medical professionals (Anderson et al. 2001). Although CEs differ between medical subspecialties, they are in principle complex tasks comprised of psychomotor (executing procedural steps to elicit signs) and cognitive (clinical reasoning and diagnostics) components. Traditionally, students learn the indication, principles, procedural steps, and interpretation of CE from their tutors via face-to-face teaching (F2FT). This is followed by deliberate practice on peers or patients, either under tutor supervision or on their own accord, to facilitate expertise development (Ericsson 2004). However, amidst the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, bound by infection control measures (e.g. social distancing), how can we ensure the continuation of deliberate practice?
New developments in the management of vulvovaginal atrophy: a comprehensive overview
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Gilbert G.G. Donders, Francesca H.W.V. Donders
The cornerstone of proper treatment of VVA is a correct and complete diagnosis. It is insufficient to rely on the medical history and (at best) a clinical examination, as is what most physicians do. Indispensable, wet mount microscopy should be part of the work-up of all women presenting with urogenital symptoms. The ratio of superficial, intermediate and parabasal epithelial cell types enables physicians to obtain an objective measure of VVA: the vaginal maturation index (VCMI) and meanwhile help to exclude infections, assess lactobacillary grades and evaluate the presence and severity of inflammation [48]. Of note, microscopy facilitates not only the diagnosis of VVA in post-menopausal women, but also in pre-menopausal women: like women presenting with aerobic vaginitis, women on antihormonal therapy, women suffering from VVA triggered by the postpartum and lactation period or due to long-term contraception use. Microscopy also ascertains the absence of atrophy in women who are erroneously diagnosed with VVA and (mis-)treated for it, while the cause of their complaints is of a different origin, such as lichen planus, Bowen’s disease, vulvar (pre-)neoplastic lesions, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, psoriasis, vulvar narrowing due to scarring, and infections. Furthermore, like no other means, microscopy can guide on the most adequate dose, frequency of use and type of application (oral, transdermal, or intra-vaginal). Such wet mount microscopy is an easy technique to master [49], requiring only a few days of training, and has its highest accuracy when microscopes equipped with phase contrast are used [206].
Interosseous-lumbrical adhesions – a rare condition? A series of five cases
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
David Jann, Torbjörn Vedung, Thomas Giesen, Daniel Muder
The area where the adhesions are located is small and thus difficult but not impossible to visualize with MRI. Tan et al. [4] reported two cases with positive high-resolution MRI findings. Topper [6] reported a case of a woman experiencing pain after repetitive microtrauma (after holding a paintbrush). The adhesion in this case was located on the radial side of the index finger where the dTML is absent. Instead the adhesion involved the MCP joint capsule, the first lumbrical and first dorsal interosseous muscle. MRI helped making the diagnosis. In the present study, three cases underwent MRI investigations with significant findings in two cases. Ultrasonography could possibly be helpful in an experienced setting, but we believe that the diagnosis primarily is made by clinical examination. MRI and ultrasonography might not be sensitive enough to set a definite diagnosis but may help to exclude other conditions and pathologies. With increasing resolution and image quality, MRI and ultrasonography will probably play a more important role in the future.